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Total 262 results found since Jan 2013.

Cardiovascular highlights from non-cardiology journals
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Beyond 1-year after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Stable Coronary Artery Disease Results in Harm The benefit of extended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain. The ARTIC-Interruption Trial examined discontinuation of DAPT at 1-year after PCI vs continuation for an additional 6–18 months. The study randomized patients 1-year after PCI to continuation (N=635) or interruption (N=624) groups, and examined the primary composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stroke, or urgent revascularization over a med...
Source: Heart - January 14, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bradley, S. M. Tags: Journal scan Source Type: research

How do we improve outcomes in cardiac surgery patients with preoperative anaemia?
Introduction The development of the evidence base to underpin patient blood management, or the safe and effective management of anaemia and severe bleeding, is considered a priority area for research in cardiac surgery. This is because anaemia and severe bleeding are common in this setting, are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and, despite the evaluation of many patient blood management interventions in clinical trials over the last 30 years, few have been shown to be clinically effective in terms of improving prognosis.1 The clinical problem In cardiac surgery, anaemia is a significant health problem; as man...
Source: Heart - January 5, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Murphy, G. J. Tags: Interventional cardiology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

Aortic stenosis: flow matters
The presence of a low transvalvular pressure gradient (<40 mm Hg) in conjunction with a small aortic valve area (AVA ≤1 cm2) is a challenging situation as it raises uncertainty about the actual severity of aortic stenosis (AS) and therefore about the indication of aortic valve replacement (AVR) if the patient is symptomatic. This low-gradient ‘severe’ (small AVA) AS entity may in fact be related to: (i) measurement errors: underestimation of stroke volume (SV), AVA and/or gradient;S1 (ii) small body size: a small AVA in a small patient may correspond to moderate AS and low gradient; (iii) i...
Source: Heart - December 12, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pibarot, P. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Hypertension, Aortic valve disease, Mitral valve disease, Right sided valvular heart disease, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

Survival by stroke volume index in patients with low-gradient normal EF severe aortic stenosis
Conclusions Lower SVI is incrementally associated with mortality in LG severe AS with preserved EF. These findings have implications for classification of AS severity, identification of high-risk groups and subsequent management.
Source: Heart - December 12, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Eleid, M. F., Sorajja, P., Michelena, H. I., Malouf, J. F., Scott, C. G., Pellikka, P. A. Tags: Editor's choice, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Aortic valve disease, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Valvular heart disease Source Type: research

RV-pulmonary arterial coupling predicts outcome in patients referred for pulmonary hypertension
Conclusions The adequacy of RV functional adaptation to afterload predicts survival in patients referred for PH. Whether this can simply be evaluated using RV volumetric imaging will require additional confirmation.
Source: Heart - December 12, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Vanderpool, R. R., Pinsky, M. R., Naeije, R., Deible, C., Kosaraju, V., Bunner, C., Mathier, M. A., Lacomis, J., Champion, H. C., Simon, M. A. Tags: Hypertension Pulmonary vascular disease Source Type: research

Survival by stroke volume index in low-gradient normal EF severe aortic stenosis: insights into myocardial systolic dysfunction
To the Editor, We read with interest the recent article on survival by stroke volume index (SVI) in patients with low-gradient normal EF severe aortic stenosis, which demonstrated lower SVI is incrementally associated with mortality.1 The authors discuss a putative mechanism of low stroke volume (SV) secondary to concentric remodelling which results in reduced LV cavity size. This impedes LV diastolic filling culminating in diminished systolic function despite normal EF. The authors quote evidence of systolic impairment, for example reduced longitudinal strain, in similar cohorts with preserved EF.2 In the current study, t...
Source: Heart - December 12, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rodrigues, J. C. L., Dastidar, A. G., Rohan, S., MacIver, D. H. Tags: PostScript Source Type: research

Peripheral neuropathy and the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Conclusions PN is associated with increased risk for a first cardiovascular event among individuals with diabetes.
Source: Heart - November 9, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brownrigg, J. R. W., de Lusignan, S., McGovern, A., Hughes, C., Thompson, M. M., Ray, K. K., Hinchliffe, R. J. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Heart failure, Hypertension, Acute coronary syndromes, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders, Tobacco use Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Periprocedural imaging and outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Conclusions Periprocedural imaging for AF ablation is increasingly used, although practice patterns vary widely. Our data suggest that periprocedural imaging is associated with better outcomes after catheter ablation; however, prospective studies of periprocedural imaging strategies are warranted.
Source: Heart - November 9, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Steinberg, B. A., Hammill, B. G., Daubert, J. P., Bahnson, T. D., Douglas, P. S., Qualls, L. G., Pokorney, S. D., Calkins, H., Curtis, L. H., Piccini, J. P. Tags: Health policy, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Clinical diagnostic tests Arrhythmias and sudden death Source Type: research

Prognostic impact of ss-blocker use in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Conclusions In this observational study of patients with stable CAD, the use of ß-blockers was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Source: Heart - October 19, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bauters, C., Lemesle, G., Meurice, T., Tricot, O., de Groote, P., Lamblin, N. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Low dietary sodium in heart failure: a need for scientific rigour
There is much evidence that higher sodium intake is associated with elevated blood pressure and there is a strong likelihood that the relationship between excess dietary sodium intake and hypertension is causal.1–3 Corresponding evidence from clinical trials shows that significant reductions in blood pressure can be achieved by lowering dietary sodium consumption in groups with hypertension as well as among normotensive individuals.4 With high blood pressure identified as the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the world, responsible for more than 60% of stroke events and almost 50% of coronary heart disease,5...
Source: Heart - October 11, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jun, M., Neal, B. Tags: Electronic page Source Type: research

ST2 may not be a useful predictor for incident cardiovascular events, heart failure and mortality
Conclusions In a healthy general population from Finland, sST2 did not improve long-term prediction of cardiovascular events including heart failure or all-cause mortality.
Source: Heart - October 11, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hughes, M. F., Appelbaum, S., Havulinna, A. S., Jagodzinski, A., Zeller, T., Kee, F., Blankenberg, S., Salomaa, V., on behalf of the FINRISK and BiomarCaRE investigators Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Combined anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in AF patients: why do we not follow guidelines?
While current European guidelines recommend oral anticoagulation treatment over antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) with a 64% stroke risk reduction by warfarin treatment versus placebo and a 39% risk reduction versus aspirin,1 single or dual antiplatelet therapy is the guideline recommended first-line treatment strategy for patients with peripheral and/or coronary artery disease with and without intervention to prevent recurrences and major adverse cardiac events.2–7 Antiplatelet therapy is also recommended in patients with ischaemic stro...
Source: Heart - September 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brandes, A. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes, Venous thromboembolism Editorials Source Type: research

Body fat percentage, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of mortality and cardiovascular disease
Conclusions Once BMI and WHR are taken into account, fat percentage does not add to prediction of mortality or CVD in middle-aged and older-aged adults.
Source: Heart - September 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Myint, P. K., Kwok, C. S., Luben, R. N., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K.-T. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Cardiovascular highlights from non-cardiology journals
Niacin fails to prevent cardiovascular events Observational studies have consistently demonstrated that levels of LDL cholesterol directly correlate with cardiovascular risk while HDL levels are inversely related to cardiovascular risk. Niacin is known to reduce LDL levels and concurrently raise HDL levels. In the HPS2-THRIVE study, 25,673 patients with a background of vascular disease were randomized to receive 2 g of extended-release niacin and 40 mg of laropiprant (an anti-flushing agent) or a matching placebo daily. Prior to starting the study, in a run-in phase, background statin therapy was standardized wit...
Source: Heart - September 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bradley, S. M. Tags: Journal scan Source Type: research

Prediction of stroke in patients without atrial fibrillation using the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores: a justification for more widespread thromboprophylaxis?
The CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, previous stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) (double)) and more recently, the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (double score), diabetes mellitus, previous stroke/TIA (double score), vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category (female)) scores are validated clinical prediction tools commonly used to estimate the stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. More recently, the focus has been on initially identifying those patients at ‘low risk’ (ie, CHA2DS...
Source: Heart - September 9, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Senoo, K., Lip, G. Y. H. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Heart failure, Hypertension, Epidemiology, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders Editorials Source Type: research