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Total 262 results found since Jan 2013.

Patent foramen ovale: the current state of play
Learning objectives Understand the anatomy and embryology of the interatrial septum and patent foramen ovale (PFO). Develop an overview of the many clinical associations of a PFO. Appraise the clinical evidence for and against closure of PFO. Introduction Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding, occurring in up to 25% of people.1 2 An association between PFO and stroke has consistently been seen in up to 50% of patients without an identifiable cause, that is, the so-called cryptogenic stroke (CS) and only in 20% with an identified cause.3 4 Many studies have been published testing the hypothesis that paradoxical emb...
Source: Heart - November 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Asrress, K. N., Marciniak, M., Marciniak, A., Rajani, R., Clapp, B. Tags: Education in Heart, Echocardiography, Clinical diagnostic tests Source Type: research

The key role of the RV in the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary oedema
Dear Editor, The article entitled ‘The pathophysiology of hypertensive acute heart failure’1 provides an excellent contemporary review of mechanisms involved in the development of acute pulmonary oedema (APO). We wish to highlight the potential important role of the RV in the pathogenesis of APO.2 APO is often thought to result from backward pressure where a disease of the LV causes the LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) to rise, resulting in elevated pulmonary venous pressure and, hence, pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure. However, an increase in a given pressure can only occur if pressure energy is added...
Source: Heart - November 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: MacIver, D. H., Clark, A. L. Tags: PostScript Source Type: research

Cochrane corner: vitamin K for improved anticoagulation control in patients receiving warfarin
There has been a substantial increase in the use of oral anticoagulants, notably in the ageing population. This is primarily driven by the use of warfarin in people with atrial fibrillation (AF) in order to reduce the risks of thromboembolic events such as stroke.1 In elderly patients with AF, warfarin use has been shown to reduce the relative risk of stroke by >50% compared with aspirin alone.2 Warfarin is also used to treat patients with deep vein thrombosis, mechanical heart valve replacement, cardioversion, cardiomyopathy and antiphospholipid syndrome.1 The clinical benefits of warfarin must also be balanced with po...
Source: Heart - October 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mahtani, K. R., Nunan, D., Heneghan, C. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Cochrane Corner, Venous thromboembolism, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

Heartbeat: Highlights from this issue
Prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) would positively impact global health by decreasing stroke, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, as well as by improving quality of life for many patients. Older age, hypertension, and obesity are associated with an increased risk of AF in patients without underlying valvular heart disease, heart failure or coronary disease. However, the effects of chronic exercise on AF risk are controversial. Studies in men suggest a lower risk of AF in older men engaging in moderate physical activity, but a higher risk of future AF in younger men engaged in frequent, long-term, intense level...
Source: Heart - September 25, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Otto, C. M. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Heartbeat Source Type: research

Prevalence of cerebral and pulmonary thrombosis in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Conclusions Patients with CCHD have a prevalence of both cerebral and pulmonary thrombosis of around 30%–40%, which is much higher than that reported previously. Furthermore, there is a large discrepancy between clinical history and imaging findings, suggesting a high prevalence of silent thrombotic events. Neither erythrocytosis nor haemostatic abnormalities were associated with the prevalence of thrombosis in patients with CCHD. Trial registration number http://www.cvk.sum.dk/CVK/Home/English.aspx (H-KF-2006-4068).
Source: Heart - September 10, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jensen, A. S., Idorn, L., Thomsen, C., von der Recke, P., Mortensen, J., Sorensen, K. E., Thilen, U., Nagy, E., Kofoed, K. F., Ostrowski, S. R., Sondergaard, L. Tags: Congenital heart disease in adult patients, Editor's choice, Congenital heart disease, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Venous thromboembolism Source Type: research

Consistency of benefit from an early invasive strategy after fibrinolysis: a patient-level meta-analysis
Conclusions Benefit from an early invasive strategy after fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is similar across patient subgroups stratified by these clinical characteristics. Therefore, prediction of risk and benefit from an early invasive strategy after fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is best achieved by global risk evaluation rather than specific patient characteristics.
Source: Heart - September 10, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Abdel-Qadir, H., Yan, A. T., Tan, M., Borgia, F., Piscione, F., Di Mario, C., Halvorsen, S., Cantor, W. J., Westerhout, C. M., Scheller, B., Le May, M. R., Fernandez-Aviles, F., Sanchez, P. L., Lee, D. S., Goodman, S. G. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Atrial flutter and thromboembolic risk: a systematic review
This study performs an up to date systematic review of the literature to investigate the association between atrial flutter and thromboembolic events. Articles were found by MEDLINE, EMBASE search and a manual search of references list in included articles. International guidelines, meta-analyses, reviews, case reports, studies reporting thromboembolic events in relation to ablation, or cardioversion procedures, echocardiography, and observational studies were found eligible in this review. A total of 52 articles were included in this review. During cardioversion, thromboembolic event rates varied from 0% to 6% with a foll...
Source: Heart - August 25, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Vadmann, H., Nielsen, P. B., Hjortshoj, S. P., Riahi, S., Rasmussen, L. H., Lip, G. Y. H., Larsen, T. B. Tags: Review articles Reviews Source Type: research

Acute and recent air pollution exposure and cardiovascular events at labour and delivery
Conclusions Air pollution in the days prior to delivery, especially nitrogen oxides and some toxic air pollution species, was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events during the labour/delivery admission.
Source: Heart - August 25, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mannisto, T., Mendola, P., Grantz, K. L., Leishear, K., Sundaram, R., Sherman, S., Ying, Q., Liu, D. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes Special populations Source Type: research

Heartbeat: Highlights from this issue
Prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) is an urgent unmet clinical need given its association with a higher risk of stroke, heart failure and death. Known risk factors for AF include age, hypertension, body mass index and diabetes as well as markers of systemic inflammation; all of which likely contribute to the high prevalence of this dysrhythmia in our aging, increasingly obese, population. However, there currently are no established biomarkers to help in assessment of AF risk. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-generated hormone with lower levels seen with increased adiposity. Adiponectin has insulin sensitizing, anti-inflamma...
Source: Heart - August 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Otto, C. M. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension, Epidemiology, Tobacco use Heartbeat Source Type: research

Watchful observation versus early aortic valve replacement for symptomatic patients with normal flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis
Conclusions Early AVR and watchful observation strategy show similar survival in symptomatic patients with normal flow, low-gradient severe AS and preserved LVEF. Watchful observation with timely performance of AVR should be considered a therapeutic option.
Source: Heart - August 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kang, D.-H., Jang, J. Y., Park, S.-J., Kim, D.-H., Yun, S.-C., Song, J.-M., Park, S. W., Chung, C.-H., Song, J.-K., Lee, J.-W. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Aortic valve disease, Epidemiology Valvular heart disease Source Type: research

Heartbeat: Highlights from this issue
The idea that "we are what we eat" has motivated numerous ever-changing food fads, diet books and dietary guidelines over the past 200 years, often in the absence of firm scientific evidence to support potential health benefits. In addition, some foods, such as chocolate, are often suspected of being bad for us, probably because they taste so good. In this edition of Heart, Kwok and colleagues (see page 1279) examined the association between chocolate consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on dietary histories in over 20 thousand men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfol...
Source: Heart - July 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Otto, C. M. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension Heartbeat Source Type: research

Habitual chocolate consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease among healthy men and women
Conclusions Cumulative evidence suggests that higher chocolate intake is associated with a lower risk of future cardiovascular events, although residual confounding cannot be excluded. There does not appear to be any evidence to say that chocolate should be avoided in those who are concerned about cardiovascular risk.
Source: Heart - July 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kwok, C. S., Boekholdt, S. M., Lentjes, M. A. H., Loke, Y. K., Luben, R. N., Yeong, J. K., Wareham, N. J., Myint, P. K., Khaw, K.-T. Tags: Editor's choice, Press releases, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Epidemiology Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Cardiovascular mortality in the UK: good news if you live in the South
The UK's cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics compiled by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) provide an overview of the extraordinary decline in cardiovascular mortality in this country in the past 50 years. Extracts from the 2014 report—based largely on 2012 data—are previewed in the linked paper1 and confirm a continuing trend, the current age-standardised mortality rates for CVD being about 50% lower than in 1961 for both men and women.2 Total CVD deaths for both sexes have fallen by >40%, driven largely by declines in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality that have been comparable between t...
Source: Heart - July 9, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Timmis, A. Tags: Press releases, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Interventional cardiology, Acute coronary syndromes, Percutaneous intervention, Epidemiology, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders, Health effects of tobacco use, Tobacco use Editorials Source Type: research

Evolution and prognostic impact of low flow after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Conclusions The measurement of EP-SVi is useful to assess the immediate haemodynamic benefit of TAVR and to predict the risk of late mortality.
Source: Heart - July 9, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Le Ven, F., Thebault, C., Dahou, A., Ribeiro, H. B., Capoulade, R., Mahjoub, H., Urena, M., Nombela-Franco, L., Allende Carrera, R., Clavel, M.-A., Dumont, E., Dumesnil, J., De Larochelliere, R., Rodes-Cabau, J., Pibarot, P. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Valvular heart disease Source Type: research

Antithrombotic therapy after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
In their Heart paper, Hassell et al1 present an original analysis of four studies comparing single and dual antiplatelet therapy after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There was no difference in the primary endpoint of net adverse clinical and cerebral events combining 30-day rates of mortality, acute coronary syndrome, stroke and major bleeding. However, there was a strong trend, although not statistically significant, towards less major or life-threatening bleeding at 30 days in patients receiving aspirin alone as compared with those treated using the usual combination of aspirin and clopidogrel early...
Source: Heart - June 25, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Iung, B. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Interventional cardiology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research