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Drug: Niacin

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Total 53 results found since Jan 2013.

Chromosomal damage and micronucleus induction by MP-124, a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor: Evidence for a non-DNA-reactive mode of action
Publication date: April 2015 Source:Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 782 Author(s): Eiji Yamamura , Shigeharu Muto , Katsuya Yamada , Yuko Sato , Yumiko Iwase , Yoshifumi Uno MP-124, a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor that competes with the binding of the PARP substrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), is being developed as a neuroprotective agent against acute ischemic stroke. MP-124 increased structural chromosomal aberration in CHL/IU cells, but showed negative results in the bacterial reverse mutation test, and the rat bone marrow micronucleus (M...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - April 10, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Nutritional or pharmacological activation of HCA2 ameliorates neuroinflammation.
Abstract Neuroinflammation is a pathology common to many neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke. However, therapeutic attempts to modulate neuroinflammation have proved difficult. Neuroinflammatory cells express HCA2, a receptor for the endogenous neuroprotective ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as well as for the drugs dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and nicotinic acid, which have established efficacy in the treatment of MS and experimental stroke, respectively. This review summarizes the evidence that HCA2 is involved in the therapeutic effects of DMF, nicotinic acid, and ketone bodies i...
Source: Trends in Molecular Medicine - March 9, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Offermanns S, Schwaninger M Tags: Trends Mol Med Source Type: research

Cholesterol: I Told You So!
Big Brother has finally come around to what I’ve been telling my patients for almost 30 years – stop worrying about cholesterol in your diet! The influential Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, the nation’s top nutrition panel, has now admitted they were WRONG about cholesterol. And they have now proclaimed this former dietary evil as no longer a “nutrient of concern.”1 They were slow – and, of course, wrong for decades – but at least they got there in the end. That means eggs are back on the menu for millions of Americans – yolk and all – although my patients have been enjoying their e...
Source: Al Sears, MD Natural Remedies - March 2, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Dr. Al Sears Tags: Heart Health Nutrition cholesterol diet heart disease Source Type: news

Edible mushrooms: improving human health and promoting quality life.
Authors: Valverde ME, Hernández-Pérez T, Paredes-López O Abstract Mushrooms have been consumed since earliest history; ancient Greeks believed that mushrooms provided strength for warriors in battle, and the Romans perceived them as the "Food of the Gods." For centuries, the Chinese culture has treasured mushrooms as a health food, an "elixir of life." They have been part of the human culture for thousands of years and have considerable interest in the most important civilizations in history because of their sensory characteristics; they have been recognized for their attractive culinary attributes. Nowadays, mu...
Source: International Journal of Microbiology - February 17, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Int J Microbiol Source Type: research

Looking into the Crystal Ball--Upcoming Drugs for Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidaemia is a critical risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. Although statins are effective anti-dyslipidemic drugs, their usage is fraught with issues such as failure of adequate lipid control in 30% of cases and intolerance in select patients. The limited potential of other alternatives such as fibrates, bile acid sequestrants and niacin has spurred the search for novel drug molecules with better efficacy and safety. CETP inhibitors such as evacetrapib and anacetrapib have shown promise in raising HDL besides LDL lowering property. Microsomal trigl...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 8, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: George, M., Selvarajan, S., Muthukumar, R., Elangovan, S. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin Subfamily Member 2 Cation Channel Regulates Detrimental Immune Cell Invasion in Ischemic Stroke Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Although a neuroprotective effect of TRPM2 in vitro is well known, we can show for the first time that the detrimental role of TRPM2 in stroke primarily depends on its role in activating peripheral immune cells. Targeting TRPM2 systemically represents a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
Source: Stroke - October 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Gelderblom, M., Melzer, N., Schattling, B., Gob, E., Hicking, G., Arunachalam, P., Bittner, S., Ufer, F., Herrmann, A. M., Bernreuther, C., Glatzel, M., Gerloff, C., Kleinschnitz, C., Meuth, S. G., Friese, M. A., Magnus, T. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Animal models of human disease, Acute Cerebral Infarction, Brain Circulation and Metabolism, Pathology of Stroke Basic Sciences Source Type: research

TRPM2 cation channel regulates detrimental immune cell invasion in ischemic stroke
Following neuronal apoptosis during ischemic stroke, local and systemic inflammation ensues. Invading neutrophils and macrophages seem to be the major contributors to an exacerbated tissue damage. Brain injury during stroke results in oxidative stress and the release of various factors that include extracellular Ca2+, hydrogen peroxide, adenosine diphosphate ribose, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). These alterations of the extracellular milieu change the activity of transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 2 (TRPM2), a non-selective cation channel highly expressed not only in resid...
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - October 15, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: , Nico Melzer, Benjamin Schattling, Eva Göb, Gordon Hicking, Priyadharshini Arunachalam, Stefan Bittner, Friederike Ufer, Alexander M. Herrmann, Christian Bernreuther, Markus Glatzel, Christian Gerloff, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Sven G. Meuth, Manuel A. Fr Tags: 135 Source Type: research

Cardiovascular highlights from non-cardiology journals
Niacin fails to prevent cardiovascular events Observational studies have consistently demonstrated that levels of LDL cholesterol directly correlate with cardiovascular risk while HDL levels are inversely related to cardiovascular risk. Niacin is known to reduce LDL levels and concurrently raise HDL levels. In the HPS2-THRIVE study, 25,673 patients with a background of vascular disease were randomized to receive 2 g of extended-release niacin and 40 mg of laropiprant (an anti-flushing agent) or a matching placebo daily. Prior to starting the study, in a run-in phase, background statin therapy was standardized wit...
Source: Heart - September 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bradley, S. M. Tags: Journal scan Source Type: research

PodMed: A Medical News Roundup From Johns Hopkins (with audio)
(MedPage Today) -- This week's topics include stroke and risk, pill color and compliance, telecare for pain management, and niacin for prevention of heart disease.
Source: MedPage Today Cardiovascular - July 18, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: news

Well: 3 Things to Know About Niacin and Heart Health
New studies are adding to concerns about the safety and effectiveness of niacin, a popular drug for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Source: NYT - July 17, 2014 Category: American Health Authors: By HARLAN M. KRUMHOLZ, M.D. Tags: Niacin National Institutes of Health Heart Cholesterol Body Stroke Krumholz, Harlan M medicine and health New England Journal of Medicine Statins (Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs) Featured Source Type: news

Relationship of Lipoproteins to Cardiovascular Events The AIM-HIGH Trial (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides and Impact on Global Health Outcomes)
This study sought to examine the relationship between niacin treatment, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in this secondary analysis of the AIM-HIGH (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides and Impact on Global Health Outcomes) trial.BackgroundDuring a 3-year follow-up in 3,414 patients with established CV disease and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, combined niacin + low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)–lowering therapy did not reduce CV events compared with LDL-C–lowering therapy alone.MethodsSubjects taking simvastatin and/or ez...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Interventions - October 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Extended-Release Niacin Therapy and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: The Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcome (AIM-HIGH) Trial Major Clinical Trials
Conclusions— Although there were numerically more ischemic strokes with addition of ERN to simvastatin that reached nominal significance, the number was small, and multivariable analysis accounting for known risk factors did not support a significant association between niacin and ischemic stroke risk. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00120289.
Source: Stroke - September 23, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Teo, K. K., Goldstein, L. B., Chaitman, B. R., Grant, S., Weintraub, W. S., Anderson, D. C., Sila, C. A., Cruz-Flores, S., Padley, R. J., Kostuk, W. J., Boden, W. E., on behalf of the AIM-HIGH Investigators Tags: Secondary prevention, Risk Factors, Acute Cerebral Infarction, Other Stroke Treatment - Medical Major Clinical Trials Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Migraine
Migraine is the most frequent type of headache in children. In the 1980s, scientists first hypothesized a connection between migraine and mitochondrial (mt) disorders. More recent studies have suggested that at least some subtypes of migraine may be related to a mt defect. Different types of evidence support a relationship between mitochondria (mt) and migraine: (1) Biochemical evidence: Abnormal mt function translates into high intracellular penetration of Ca2+, excessive production of free radicals, and deficient oxidative phosphorylation, which ultimately causes energy failure in neurons and astrocytes, thus triggering ...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Neurology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: William R. Yorns, H. Huntley Hardison Source Type: research