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Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abstract Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chroni...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - June 7, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Cardioprotective effect of Phyllanthus amarus against high fructose diet induced myocardial and aortic stress in rat model.
The objective of this study is to investigate the cardio-protective activity of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus (PAAE) against high-fructose (HF) diet induced cardiac damage in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups of six animals each: Control (C), Control treated with PAAE (C+PAAE), High fructose diet fed (F), High fructose diet fed treated with PAAE (F+PAAE) and High fructose diet fed treated with Pioglitazone (F+Pio). PAAE was orally administered at a dosage of 200mg/kg body weight/day to C+PAAE and F+PAAE group rats for 60days. Pioglitazone (10mg/kg body weight/day) was used to com...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - September 19, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Putakala M, Gujjala S, Nukala S, Bongu SBR, Chintakunta N, Desireddy S Tags: Biomed Pharmacother Source Type: research

EMPA-REG and Other Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Glucose-lowering Agents: Implications for Future Treatment Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Abstract During the last decade, the armamentarium for glucose-lowering drugs has increased enormously by the development of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, allowing individualization of antidiabetic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Some combinations can now be used without an increased risk for severe hypoglycemia and weight gain. Following a request of the US Food and Drug Administration, many large cardiovascular (CV) outcome studies have been performed in patients with longstanding disease and established CV disease. In the majority of CV outcome studies, CV ris...
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - May 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Schernthaner G, Schernthaner-Reiter MH, Schernthaner GH Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research