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Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 contributes to N-acetylcysteine's protection in stroke.
Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality with very limited treatment options. Evidence from pre-clinical models of ischemic stroke has demonstrated that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively protects the brain from ischemic injury. Here, we evaluated a new pathway through which NAC exerted its neuroprotection in a transient cerebral ischemia animal model. Our results demonstrated that pre-treatment of NAC increased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), the regulatable subunit of HIF-1, and its target proteins erythropoietin (EPO) and glucose transporter (...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 29, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang Z, Yan J, Taheri S, Liu J, Shi H Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

The protection conferred against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the diabetic brain by N-acetylcysteine is associated with decreased dicarbonyl stress.
Abstract Diabetes, a risk factor for stroke, leads to elevated blood methylglyoxal (MG) levels. This is due to increased MG generation from the high glucose levels, and because diabetes impairs the glutathione (GSH)-glyoxalase system for MG elimination. MG glycates proteins and causes dicarbonyl stress. We investigated the contribution of MG and GSH to stroke outcome. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was performed in chemical-induced (streptozotocin) and genetic Akita mouse models of Type 1 diabetes. Brain infarction and functions of the GSH-dependent MG elimination pathway were determined. Diabetes increased post-is...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Wang B, Yee Aw T, Stokes KY Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

N-acetylcysteine attenuates systemic platelet activation and cerebral vessel thrombosis in diabetes
Conclusion Collectively, these results show that the diabetic blood and brain become progressively more susceptible to platelet activation and thrombosis. NAC, given after the establishment of diabetes, may offer protection against the risk for stroke by altering both systemic and vascular prothrombotic responses via enhancing platelet GSH, and GSH-dependent MG elimination, as well as correcting levels of antioxidants such as SOD1 and GPx-1. Graphical abstract
Source: Redox Biology - September 28, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research