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Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis
Conclusion The impact of sepsis on the gut is manifold, e.g., sepsis mediated alteration of the gut-blood barrier and increase in the intestinal permeability, which may correlate with the phenomena of bacterial translocation and lymphatic activation (“toxic-lymph”). Systemic consequences of sepsis are widespread and concern to the coagulative system, the microbiome as well as enzymes, such as pancreatic proteases, MMPs and IAPs. Nevertheless, the therapeutic approaches for modulating the mucosal immune system are still rarely effective in daily routine. Recent published studies showing that treatment with ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Deadly Respiratory Distress Mimic
Conclusion It’s important for prehospital providers to be able to differentiate metabolic disturbances in the setting of respiratory distress and not be fooled into thinking tachypnea always has a respiratory cause. The physical exam and adjuncts such as end-tidal capnography can assist in the prehospital diagnosis. A COPD exacerbation generally presents as diminished lung sounds, wheezing on exhalation, and a prolonged expiratory phase. Here, a patient will attempt to compensate for the inflammation and mucus accumulation associated with the destruction and narrowing of peripheral airways and a subsequent lack of availa...
Source: JEMS Special Topics - July 17, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Brenton Faber, PhD, NRP Tags: Airway & Respiratory Exclusive Articles Patient Care Source Type: news

Kinin Receptors in Vascular Biology and Pathology.
Abstract Endogenous kinins are important vasoactive peptides whose effects are mediated by two G-Protein-coupled receptors (R), named B2R (constitutive) and B1R (inducible). They are involved in vascular homeostasis, ischemic pre- and post- conditioning, but also in cardiovascular diseases. They contribute to the therapeutic effects of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockers. Benefits derive primarily from vasodilatory, antiproliferative, antihypertrophic, antifibrotic, antithrombic and antioxidant properties, which are associated with the release of endothelial fact...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - February 26, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Couture R, Blaes N, Girolami JP Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research