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Outcomes With Edoxaban Versus Warfarin in Patients With Previous Cerebrovascular Events: Findings From ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 (Effective Anticoagulation With Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 48) Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— Patients with atrial fibrillation with previous IS/TIA are at high risk of recurrent thromboembolism and bleeding. HDER is at least as effective and is safer than warfarin, regardless of the presence or the absence of previous IS or TIA. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00781391.
Source: Stroke - July 24, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Rost, N. S., Giugliano, R. P., Ruff, C. T., Murphy, S. A., Crompton, A. E., Norden, A. D., Silverman, S., Singhal, A. B., Nicolau, J. C., SomaRaju, B., Mercuri, M. F., Antman, E. M., Braunwald, E., on behalf of the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators Tags: Atrial Fibrillation, Anticoagulants, Ischemic Stroke Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Repeated Intravenous Thrombolysis for Early Recurrent Stroke: Challenging the Exclusion Criterion Brief Reports
Conclusions— Patients with small infarct volumes and robust clinical improvement might be considered for repeated IVT within 3 months. Studies following strict protocols and larger registries incorporating these patients might serve to identify selection criteria for the safe use of repeated IVT in ERS.
Source: Stroke - July 24, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kahles, T., Mono, M.-L., Heldner, M. R., Baumgartner, R. W., Sarikaya, H., Luft, A., Bohlhalter, S., Traenka, C., Engelter, S. T., Kurka, N., Kohrmann, M., Curtze, S., Michel, P., Tatlisumak, T., Nedeltchev, K. Tags: Treatment, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Intracranial Hemorrhage Brief Reports Source Type: research

Current Status and Time Trends of Oral Anticoagulation Use Among Chinese Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— An improvement of OAC use among Chinese patients with AF in Beijing is observed in recent years although only 36.5% of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 received OAC. However, variations between different hospitals were large, suggesting that better education and awareness are needed to improve efforts for stroke prevention among AF patients. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5831. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-OCH-13003729.
Source: Stroke - June 26, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Chang, S.-S., Dong, J.-Z., Ma, C.-S., Du, X., Wu, J.-H., Tang, R.-B., Xia, S.-J., Guo, X.-Y., Yu, R.-H., Long, D.-Y., Bai, R., Liu, N., Sang, C.-H., Jiang, C.-X., Liu, X.-H., Pan, J.-H., Lip, G. Y. H. Tags: Atrial Fibrillation, Epidemiology, Anticoagulants Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Use of Antithrombotic Therapy and Long-Term Clinical Outcome Among Patients Surviving Intracerebral Hemorrhage Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— Approximately 1 of 2 patients surviving intracerebral hemorrhage had a high risk of thromboembolism. Postdischarge use of oral anticoagulation therapy was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and thromboembolic events and no increased risk of major bleeding.
Source: Stroke - June 26, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ottosen, T. P., Grijota, M., Hansen, M. L., Brandes, A., Damgaard, D., Husted, S. E., Johnsen, S. P. Tags: Epidemiology, Anticoagulants, Intracranial Hemorrhage Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Female Sex, Time in Therapeutic Range, and Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Taking Warfarin Brief Reports
Conclusion— Anticoagulated female patients with atrial fibrillation had a similar rate of cardiovascular death and SSE, but a lower risk of major bleeding, compared with males. TTR (but not female sex) was an independent predictor for combined cardiovascular death and SSE and clinically relevant bleeding events.
Source: Stroke - May 22, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Senoo, K., Lip, G. Y. H. Tags: Quality and Outcomes Brief Reports Source Type: research

Leukocyte Count and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— Higher admission white blood cell count is associated with lower risk of hematoma expansion. This highlights a potential role of the inflammatory response in modulating the coagulation cascade after acute ICH.
Source: Stroke - May 22, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Morotti, A., Phuah, C.-L., Anderson, C. D., Jessel, M. J., Schwab, K., Ayres, A. M., Pezzini, A., Padovani, A., Gurol, M. E., Viswanathan, A., Greenberg, S. M., Goldstein, J. N., Rosand, J. Tags: Intracranial Hemorrhage Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Risk Reduction of Cerebral Stroke After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Small Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— SRS can significantly reduce the risk of stroke in the patients with small unruptured arteriovenous malformations. To definitively determine the clinical benefits of SRS, a longer follow-up will be necessary. However, based on our results, we can recommend SRS for patients who face a latent risk for stroke from this intractable vascular disease.
Source: Stroke - April 24, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Hanakita, S., Shin, M., Koga, T., Igaki, H., Saito, N. Tags: Cerebrovascular Malformations, Vascular Disease Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Recurrent Major Cardiovascular and Major Bleeding Events in 19 120 Patients With Recent Ischemic Stroke Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— There was a weak and inconsistent signal for association between paracetamol or ibuprofen and MACE or major bleeding, which may be related to either a genuine but modest effect of these drugs or to residual confounding. Clinical Trial Registration— http://www.isrctn.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN66157730.
Source: Stroke - March 27, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Gonzalez-Valcarcel, J., Sissani, L., Labreuche, J., Bousser, M.-G., Chamorro, A., Fisher, M., Ford, I., Fox, K. M., Hennerici, M. G., Mattle, H. P., Rothwell, P. M., Steg, P. G., Vicaut, E., Amarenco, P., for the PERFORM Investigators Tags: Intracranial Hemorrhage, Ischemic Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Combining Growth Factor and Bone Marrow Cell Therapy Induces Bleeding and Alters Immune Response After Stroke in Mice Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Our results provide new insights into both BMC-based therapies and immune cell biology and help to understand potential adverse and unexpected side effects.
Source: Stroke - February 22, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Strecker, J.-K., Olk, J., Hoppen, M., Gess, B., Diederich, K., Schmidt, A., Schabitz, W.-R., Schilling, M., Minnerup, J. Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease, Basic Science Research, Growth Factors/Cytokines, Inflammation, Treatment Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Cardiovascular, Bleeding, and Mortality Risks of Dabigatran in Asians With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— In real-world practice, dabigatran was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, all hospitalized major bleeding, and all-cause mortality compared with warfarin in Asian patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran did not increase the risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding or myocardial infarction compared with warfarin.
Source: Stroke - January 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Chan, Y.-H., Yen, K.-C., See, L.-C., Chang, S.-H., Wu, L.-S., Lee, H.-F., Tu, H.-T., Yeh, Y.-H., Kuo, C.-T. Tags: Atrial Fibrillation, Cardiovascular Disease, Race and Ethnicity, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Ischemic Stroke Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Use of Warfarin at Discharge Among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in China Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— The rate of warfarin use remains low among patients with ischemic stroke and known nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in China. Hospital size and academic status together with patient age, heart failure, heavy alcohol drinking, international normalized ratio in hospital, and stroke severity on admission were each independently associated with the use of warfarin at discharge. There is much room for improvement for secondary stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients in China.
Source: Stroke - January 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yang, X., Li, Z., Zhao, X., Wang, C., Liu, L., Wang, C., Pan, Y., Li, H., Wang, D., Hart, R. G., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., on behalf of the China National Stroke Registry II Investigators Tags: Anticoagulants, Treatment, Quality and Outcomes, Ischemic Stroke Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Spot Sign in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Dynamic T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— Spot sign can be detected using MRI on postcontrast T1-weighted and dynamic T1-weighted images. It is associated with worse clinical outcome. The time course of contrast extravasation in dynamic T1 images indicates that these spots represent ongoing bleeding.
Source: Stroke - January 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Schindlbeck, K. A., Santaella, A., Galinovic, I., Krause, T., Rocco, A., Nolte, C. H., Villringer, K., Fiebach, J. B. Tags: Intracranial Hemorrhage Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Significance of the Hemorrhagic Site for Recurrent Bleeding: Prespecified Analysis in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— Careful interpretation of the results suggests that patients with posterior hemorrhage are at higher risk of rebleeding and accrue greater benefit from surgery, subject to verification in further studies. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm. Unique identifier: C000000166.
Source: Stroke - December 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Takahashi, J. C., Funaki, T., Houkin, K., Inoue, T., Ogasawara, K., Nakagawara, J., Kuroda, S., Yamada, K., Miyamoto, S., on behalf of the JAM Trial Investigators, the JAM Trial Investigators, Yoshimoto, Hashimoto, Tsuji, Tomata, Fukui, Okada, Matsumoto, Tags: Cerebrovascular Procedures Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease in Children: Clinical, Angiographic features, and Long-Term Surgical Outcome Brief Reports
Conclusions— The presence of anterior choroidal artery and posterior communicating artery dilation may be associated with the bleeding episode in the children with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease. The encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis surgery can effectively increase the cerebral blood flow in children, which may decrease the incidence of recurrent hemorrhage.
Source: Stroke - December 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu, P., Han, C., Li, D.-S., Lv, X.-L., Li, Y.-X., Duan, L. Tags: Cerebrovascular Procedures Brief Reports Source Type: research

Antidepressant Use Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Developing Microbleeds Brief Reports
Conclusions— Antidepressant use was associated with an increased risk of developing microbleeds. Our results may support findings from previous clinical studies about increased intracranial and extracranial bleeding risk in antidepressant users.
Source: Stroke - December 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Akoudad, S., Aarts, N., Noordam, R., Ikram, M. A., Tiemeier, H., Hofman, A., Stricker, B. H., Vernooij, M. W., Visser, L. E. Tags: Epidemiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Thrombosis Brief Reports Source Type: research

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