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The pro-death role of Cited2 in stroke is regulated by E2F1/4 transcription factors Signal Transduction
We previously reported that the cell cycle–related cyclin-dependent kinase 4–retinoblastoma (RB) transcriptional corepressor pathway is essential for stroke-induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo. However, how this signaling pathway induces cell death is unclear. Previously, we found that the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 pathway activates the pro-apoptotic transcriptional co-regulator Cited2 in vitro after DNA damage. In the present study, we report that Cited2 protein expression is also dramatically increased following stroke/ischemic insult. Critically, utilizing conditional knockout mice, we show that Cited2 is r...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 23, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Tianwen Huang, Yasmilde Rodriguez Gonzalez, Dianbo Qu, En Huang, Farzaneh Safarpour, Eugene Wang, Alvin Joselin, Doo Soon Im, Steve M. Callaghan, Wassamon Boonying, Lisa Julian, Sally L. Dunwoodie, Ruth S. Slack, David S. Park Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure
Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The B...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Canagliflozin Inhibits Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation
In conclusion, the present study identified canagliflozin as a potent inhibitor of human EC proliferation. The anti-proliferative action of canagliflozin is observed in ECs isolated from both the venous and arterial circulation, and is partly due to the blockade of cyclin A expression. In addition, this study found that canagliflozin inhibits tube formation in cultured ECs and mouse aortic rings. Notably, these actions are specific for canagliflozin and not seen with other SGLT2 inhibitors. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects on EC function may contribute to both the adverse and salutary actions...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Physical exercise promotes proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells via ERK in rats with cerebral infarction.
Authors: Liu W, Wu W, Lin G, Cheng J, Zeng Y, Shi Y Abstract Physical exercise is beneficial for the functional recovery of neurons after stroke. It has been suggested that exercise regulates proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, the aim was to investigate whether physical exercise activates the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway to promote proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in rats with cerebral infarction, thereby improving neurological function. Fol...
Source: Molecular Medicine Reports - June 15, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Mol Med Rep Source Type: research

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: Two-year results from tertiary eye-care center in India
Conclusions: IAC is an effective therapy for globe preservation in eyes with intraocular RB, in the setting of a developing country like India. Larger studies with longer follow-up are required to validate these results.
Source: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - May 17, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Pukhraj Rishi Tarun Sharma Minal Sharma Aditya Maitray Abhinav Dhami Vishvesh Aggarwal Saravanan Munusamy R Ravikumar Satheesh Ramamurthy Source Type: research

Socioeconomic inequalities in non-communicable diseases and their risk factors: an overview of systematic reviews
Conclusions: The current evidence supports an association between socioeconomic inequalities and NCDs and risk factors for NCDs. However, this evidence is incomplete and limited by the fairly low methodological quality of the systematic reviews, including shortcomings in the study selection and quality assessment process.
Source: BMC Public Health - September 18, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Isolde SommerUrsula GrieblerPeter MahlknechtKylie ThalerKathryn BouskillGerald GartlehnerShanti Mendis Source Type: research

Silencing of Id2 attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal injury via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
This study was aimed to investigate whether knockdown of Id2 in neuronal cells could protect them from hypoxic and ischemic injury both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to assess neuronal apoptosis in CoCl2-treated neuroblastoma B35 cells engineered to overexpress or knockdown Id2 expression. In vivo knockdown of Id2 was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracerebroventricular injection of Cy3-labeled and cholesterol-modified Id2-siRNA. We found that knockdown of Id2 attenuated H/I-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro while overexpression of Id2 produced an opposite effect. In a rat mo...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - July 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Guo L, Yang X, Lin X, Lin Y, Shen L, Nie Q, Ren L, Guo Q, Que S, Qiu Y Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research