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Possible involvement of metformin in downregulation of neuroinflammation and associated behavioural changes in mice
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of MET on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and behavioural changes. The study consisted of six groups, where three selected doses of MET (100, 200, and 300  mg/kg) were employed in male Swiss albino mice, with one group of imipramine (IMI), saline, and LPS each. Systemic inflammation was induced by injecting LPS (1.5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal route. A battery of behavioural tests including open field, forced swim, and tail suspension tests were emplo yed to assess the impact of systemic inflammation on exploratory behaviour a...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - September 2, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

6-Bromoindirubin-3 ′-Oxime (6BIO) Suppresses the mTOR Pathway, Promotes Autophagy, and Exerts Anti-aging Effects in Rodent Liver
In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-aging effect, and molecular mechanism, of the novel anti-aging drug 6BIO on naturally aged mouse liver. Rapamycin, a well-known promising anti-aging drug that delays aging through mTOR-dependent autophagy (Zhou and Ye, 2018), was used as the positive control in the study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effects of 6BIO treatment in models of natural aging. Our results indicated that 6BIO ameliorates the decline of liver function with age, including lipid metabolism disorder, and attenuates hepatocyte senescence in aged mice, as revealed by altera...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Patient-centered Outcomes with Concomitant Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Other Drugs.
Abstract PURPOSE: We performed a systematic review of patient-centered outcomes after the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and other drugs. METHODS: We searched 4 databases in July 2016 to find studies that reported mortality and morbidity after the concomitant use of PPIs and other drugs. We conducted direct meta-analyses using a random-effects model and graded the quality of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group approach. FINDINGS: We included data from 17 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 16 randomized controlled t...
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - February 8, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shamliyan TA, Middleton M, Borst C Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Cardiovascular effects of current and future anti-obesity drugs.
Abstract The prevalence of obesity increases and is associated with increases in co-morbidities e.g. type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, stroke, asthma, several forms of cancer, depression, and may result in reduction of expected remaining lifespan. We have reviewed the adverse effects on the cardiovascular system of anti-obesity drugs now retracted from the market as well as the cardiovascular profile of current drugs and potential pathways which are considered for treatment of obesity. Fenfluramine, and sibutramine were withdrawn due to increased cardiovascular ...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - May 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Comerma-Steffensen S, Grann M, Andersen CU, Rungby J, Simonsen U Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Targeting hexokinase II to mitochondria to modulate energy metabolism and reduce ischaemia‐reperfusion injury in heart
This article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - March 28, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rianne Nederlof, Otto Eerbeek, Markus W Hollmann, Richard Southworth, Coert J Zuurbier Tags: Review Source Type: research

Targeting Hexokinase II to mitochondria to modulate energy metabolism and reduce ischemia‐reperfusion injury in heart
Summary Mitochondrially‐bound hexokinase II (mtHKII) has long been known to confer cancer cells with their resilience against cell death. More recently, mtHKII has emerged as a powerful protector against cardiac cell death. mtHKII protects against IR injury in skeletal muscle and heart, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling, and is one of the major end‐effectors through which ischemic preconditioning protects against myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Mechanisms of mtHKII cardioprotection against reperfusion injury entail the maintenance of regulated OMM permeability during ischemia and reperfusion resu...
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - August 30, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rianne Nederlof, Otto Eerbeek, Markus W Hollmann, Richard Southworth, Coert J Zuurbier Tags: Review Article Source Type: research