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Shengui Sansheng San Ameliorates Cerebral Energy Deficiency via Citrate Cycle After Ischemic Stroke
Conclusion In summary, SSS extraction significantly ameliorates cerebral energy metabolism via boosting citrate cycle, which mainly embodies the enhancements of blood glucose concentration, glucose and lactate transportation and glucose utilization, as well as the regulations of relative enzymes activities in citrate cycle. These ameliorations ultimately resulted in numerous ATP yield after stroke, which improved neurological function and infarcted volume. Collectively, it suggests that SSS extraction has exerted advantageous effect in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Ethics Statement All animal operations were accor...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

817 Ethanol induces skin hyperpigmentation in mice with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
Excessive alcohol consumption leads to alcohol use disorder. Alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde, which is then oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), a class of enzymes that facilitate the conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding acids. Among ALDHs, mitochondrial ALDH2 is the primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of acetaldehyde. In addition to its well-known role in ethanol metabolism, recent studies have suggested that ALDH2 dysfunction is associated with a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, cancer, anemia, pain, osteoporosis and aging.
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 19, 2019 Category: Dermatology Authors: T. Yamauchi, A. Matsumoto, S. Ito, K. Wakamatsu, T. Suzuki, M. Fujita Tags: Pigmentation and Melanoma Source Type: research

Canagliflozin Inhibits Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation
In conclusion, the present study identified canagliflozin as a potent inhibitor of human EC proliferation. The anti-proliferative action of canagliflozin is observed in ECs isolated from both the venous and arterial circulation, and is partly due to the blockade of cyclin A expression. In addition, this study found that canagliflozin inhibits tube formation in cultured ECs and mouse aortic rings. Notably, these actions are specific for canagliflozin and not seen with other SGLT2 inhibitors. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects on EC function may contribute to both the adverse and salutary actions...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research