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Total 16 results found since Jan 2013.

SUMO1 modification stabilizes TET3 protein and increases colorectal cancer radiotherapy sensitivity
CONCLUSIONS: we elucidated the sensitizing role of TET3 protein in the radiation of CRC cells, depending on SUMO1 modification of TET3 at the lysine sites (K479, K758, K1012, K1188, K1397, K1623), in turn stabilizing TET3 expression in the nucleus and subsequently increasing the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to radiotherapy. Together, this study highlights the potentially critical role of TET3 SUMOylation in radiation regulation, which may contribute to an enhanced understanding of the relationship between DNA demethylation and radiotherapy.PMID:37244630 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.05.037
Source: Health Physics - May 27, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Fengting Liu Ya Ma Hao Sun Hui Cai Xin Liang Chang Xu Liqing Du Yan Wang Qiang Liu Source Type: research

Silencing the Expression of Cyclin G1 Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo by Inducing Apoptosis.
In this study we investigated the role of cyclin G1 in the radiotherapy of HCC cells. The expression of cyclin G1 was silenced by transfection of cyclin G1-siRNA into HepG2 cells and Huh7 cells, and the expression of cyclin G1 mRNA and protein was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The proliferation was analyzed using MTT assay, and the radiosensitivity of HCC cells was detected using colony formation assay and a xenograft tumor model. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) was detected by Western blot analysis, and caspase-3 was detected using fluorimetry. The expression of cyclin G1 mRNA...
Source: Radiation Research - February 4, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Xu G, Bu S, Wang X, Ge H Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Macrophage-Mediated Bystander Effects after Different Irradiations through a p53-dependent Pathway.
In conclusion, the bystander lymphoblast damage was induced in different cells using different LET radiations. An amplified bystander response was modulated by the intermediator macrophage. The underlying molecular mechanisms of these bystander effects were dependent on the activation of p53 and its relevant apoptosis pathway in the irradiated cells. These results suggest that the bystander and macrophage-mediated bystander effects contribute to the common acute side effect of lymphocytopenia after local irradiation. PMID: 31841081 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Radiation Research - December 15, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Fu J, Zhu L, Tu W, Wang X, Pan Y, Bai Y, Dang B, Chen J, Shao C Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrion in Proton Microbeam Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect.
In this study, we found that when a small portion of cells in a population of human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells were precisely irradiated through either the nuclei or cytoplasm with counted microbeam protons, the yield of micronuclei (MN) and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nonirradiated cells neighboring irradiated cells were significantly increased. Mito/ER-tracker staining demonstrated that the mitochondria were clearly activated after nuclear irradiation and ER mass approached a higher level after cytoplasmic irradiation. Moreover, the radiation-induced ROS was diminished by rotenone, an in...
Source: Radiation Research - November 11, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Dong C, Tu W, He M, Fu J, Kobayashi A, Konishi T, Shao C Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Trends in the Binding of Cell Penetrating Peptides to siRNA: A Molecular Docking Study.
Authors: Rathnayake PV, Gunathunge BG, Wimalasiri PN, Karunaratne DN, Ranatunga RJ Abstract The use of gene therapeutics, including short interfering RNA (siRNA), is limited by the lack of efficient delivery systems. An appealing approach to deliver gene therapeutics involves noncovalent complexation with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) which are able to penetrate the cell membranes of mammals. Although a number of CPPs have been discovered, our understanding of their complexation and translocation of siRNA is as yet insufficient. Here, we report on computational studies comparing the binding affinities of CPPs wi...
Source: Journal of Biophysics - March 24, 2017 Category: Physics Tags: J Biophys Source Type: research

Extracellular Release of Annexin A2 is Enhanced upon Oxidative Stress Response via the p38 MAPK Pathway after Low-Dose X-Ray Irradiation.
In this study, we found that in cultured human cancer and non-cancerous cells an extracellular release of annexin A2 was greatly enhanced 1-4 h after a single 20 cGy X-ray dose, but not after exposure to ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation. Extracellular release of annexin A2 was also enhanced after H2O2 and nicotine treatments, which was suppressed by pretreatment with the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine. Among the oxidative stress pathway molecules examined in HeLa cells, AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were mostly activated by low-dose X-ray radiation, and the p38 MAPK i...
Source: Radiation Research - June 28, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Kita K, Sugita K, Sato C, Sugaya S, Sato T, Kaneda A Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

The system with zwitterionic lactose-based surfactant for complexation and delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid—A structural and spectroscopic study
This article presents results of a study on the structural effects associated with siRNA complexation by a surfactant comprising a lactose group (N-(3-propanesulfone)-N-dodecyl-amino-beta-D-lactose hydrochloride, LA12). The double stranded siRNA oligomer (21 base pairs) used in this study is responsible for silencing a gene that can be important in the therapy of myotonic dystrophy type 1. The obtained siRNA/LA12 lipoplexes were studied using the methods of small angle scattering of synchrotron radiation, circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrophoretic mobility tests. ...
Source: Applied Physics Letters - May 24, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Michalina Skupin, Krzysztof Sobczak, Ryszard Zieliński and Maciej Kozak Source Type: research

Sigma-1 receptors modulate neonatal Nav1.5 ion channels in breast cancer cell lines.
Abstract The main aim of this study was to investigate a possible functional connection between sigma-1 receptors and voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in human breast cancer cells. The hypothesis was that sigma-1 drugs could alter the metastatic properties of breast cancer cells via the VGSC. Evidence was found for expression of sigma-1 receptor and neonatal Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) expression in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Sigma-1 drugs (SKF10047 and dimethyltryptamine) did not affect cell proliferation or migration but significantly reduced adhesion to the substrate. Silencing sigma-1 receptor expression ...
Source: European Biophysics Journal : EBJ - May 8, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Aydar E, Stratton D, Fraser SP, Djamgoz MB, Palmer C Tags: Eur Biophys J Source Type: research

Radiation Exposure Promotes Hepatocarcinoma Cell Invasion through Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by H2S/CSE Pathway.
In this study, we found that exposure to X rays promoted cell invasion by triggering the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5. This was made evident by a reduced expression of E-cadherin and enhanced expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail. Moreover, exposure to radiation stimulated the signaling of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a newly found gas transmitter, by upregulating the expressions of H2S-producing proteins of cysthionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS). Inhibition of CSE by siRNA or inhibitor not only increased the radiosensi...
Source: Radiation Research - January 4, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Pan Y, Zhou C, Yuan D, Zhang J, Shao C Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Systematic coarse-grained modeling of complexation between small interfering RNA and polycations
All-atom molecular dynamics simulations can provide insight into the properties of polymeric gene-delivery carriers by elucidating their interactions and detailed binding patterns with nucleic acids. However, to explore nanoparticle formation through complexation of these polymers and nucleic acids and study their behavior at experimentally relevant time and length scales, a reliable coarse-grained model is needed. Here, we systematically develop such a model for the complexation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and grafted polyethyleneimine copolymers, a promising candidate for siRNA delivery. We compare the predictions o...
Source: Journal of Chemical Physics - December 14, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Zonghui Wei and Erik Luijten Source Type: research

Energy Metabolism in a Matched Model of Radiation Resistance for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer.
In this study, we investigated the reprogramming of the energy metabolism in radiosensitive and radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using a preclinical matched model of radiation resistance. Our investigation found that radioresistant rSCC-61 cells: 1. They display increased glucose uptake and decreased fatty acid uptake; 2. They deviate from the classical Warburg effect by diverting the glycolytic flux into the pentose phosphate pathway; 3. They are more dependent on glucose than glutamine metabolism to support growth; 4. They have decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation; 5. They have e...
Source: Radiation Research - March 4, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Mims J, Bansal N, Bharadwaj MS, Chen X, Molina AJ, Tsang AW, Furdui CM Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

The miR-15 Family Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting G2 Checkpoints.
Abstract Enhancing radiosensitivity is an important area of investigation for improving breast cancer therapy outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the miR-15 family in the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by the miR-15 cluster are known to induce G1 arrest and apoptosis by targeting G1 checkpoints and the anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene. However, the effect of the miR-15 family on G2/M arrest and radiosensitivity remains poorly understood. In the current study, cells transfected with miR-15a/15b/16 mimic or inhibitor were irradiated and examined...
Source: Radiation Research - January 16, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Mei Z, Su T, Ye J, Yang C, Zhang S, Xie C Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Ionizing Radiation Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Bcl-2 Inhibitor, ABT-737, through Regulating Mcl-1.
Abstract Breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy has become the standard of care for early stage breast cancer. However, there are some patients that develop a local failure. We have previously shown that Bcl-2 overexpression was associated with an increased risk of local recurrence in patients with early stage breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore an approach to overcome radiation resistance by targeting pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins in breast cancer cells. The breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB231 were used in this study. siRNAs were employed to silence myel...
Source: Radiation Research - November 19, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Wu H, Schiff DS, Lin Y, Neboori HJ, Goyal S, Feng Z, Haffty BG Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Radiation Enhances the Invasiveness of Irradiated and Nonirradiated Bystander Hepatoma Cells Through a VEGF-MMP2 Pathway Initiated by p53.
Abstract Recent evidence has shown that irradiation can promote the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and have an impact on the invasive behavior of nonirradiated surrounding cancer cells, which may enhance overall tumor aggressiveness. However, the role of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene in the invasion of irradiated hepatoma cells and their nonirradiated bystanders remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that irradiation increased the invasiveness of human hepatoma HepG2 cells, and pretreatment of the cells with SU1498 (an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, VEG...
Source: Radiation Research - September 23, 2013 Category: Physics Authors: He M, Dong C, Ren R, Yuan D, Xie Y, Pan Y, Shao C Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research