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Total 125 results found since Jan 2013.
Satellite siRNA promotes Drosophila X recognition Genetics
Highly differentiated sex chromosomes create a lethal imbalance in gene expression in one sex. To accommodate hemizygosity of the X chromosome in male fruit flies, expression of X-linked genes increases twofold. This is achieved by the male- specific lethal (MSL) complex, which modifies chromatin to increase expression. Mutations that disrupt...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - November 18, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Menon, D. U., Coarfa, C., Xiao, W., Gunaratne, P. H., Meller, V. H. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research
Protein kinase IKK{beta} activates IRF5 Biochemistry
The siRNA knockdown of IFN Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) in the human plasmacytoid dendritic cell line Gen2.2 prevented IFNβ production induced by compound CL097, a ligand for Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). CL097 also stimulated the phosphorylation of IRF5 at Ser462 and stimulated the nuclear translocation of wild-type IRF5, but not...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 9, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Lopez-Pelaez, M., Lamont, D. J., Peggie, M., Shpiro, N., Gray, N. S., Cohen, P. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research
New Ebola treatment effective three days after infection
A post-exposure treatment that is effective against a specific strain of the Ebola virus that killed thousands of people in West Africa has been developed by researchers. The treatment uses a sequence specific short strand of RNA, known as siRNA, designed to target and interfere with the Ebola virus, rendering it harmless. One of the advantages of this approach is the ability to quickly modify it to different viral strains.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - April 22, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: news
siRNA-toting nanoparticles inhibit breast cancer metastasis
Researchers combined finely crafted nanoparticles with one of nature's potent disrupters to prevent the spread of triple-negative breast cancer in mouse models. The researchers are working toward clinical trials and exploring use of the technology for other cancers and diseases.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - May 12, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: news
Lack of pairing triggers multigenerational RNAe Genetics
Single-copy transgenes in Caenorhabditis elegans can be subjected to a potent, irreversible silencing process termed small RNA-induced epigenetic silencing (RNAe). RNAe is promoted by the Piwi Argonaute protein PRG-1 and associated Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), as well as by proteins that promote and respond to secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) production....
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 19, 2015 Category: Science Authors: Leopold, L. E., Heestand, B. N., Seong, S., Shtessel, L., Ahmed, S. Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research
Production of functional siRNAs by human Dicer Microbiology
Although RNA interference (RNAi) functions as a potent antiviral innate-immune response in plants and invertebrates, mammalian somatic cells appear incapable of mounting an RNAi response and few, if any, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be detected. To examine why siRNA production is inefficient, we have generated double-knockout human cells lacking...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 15, 2015 Category: Science Authors: Kennedy, E. M., Whisnant, A. W., Kornepati, A. V. R., Marshall, J. B., Bogerd, H. P., Cullen, B. R. Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research
Business Office Feature
Webinar | CRISPR/Cas9 in drug discovery: Applications in target discovery, validation, and hit screening
The CRISPR/Cas9 system allows for unprecedented ease and control when editing the genome. Its potential impact on drug discovery is vast, including enabling gene and cell replacement therapies, identifying novel drug targets through functional genomic screens, and simplifying the production of disease models using permanent knockouts for validating therapy targets and testing drug efficacy. But in practical terms, how is CRISPR/Cas9 currently being applied, and where might the future challenges and pitfalls be? Furthermore, how do assays based on the new CRISPR/Cas9 technology compare with current screening methodologies, ...
Source: ScienceNOW - May 5, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Lorenz Mayr Tags: Science Webinar Series Source Type: news
NIR nanoparticles for imaging and siRNA delivery Medical Sciences
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), one of the most aggressive solid tumors, is characterized by rapid tumor growth and severe metastasis to other organs. Owing to the lack of effective treatment options, ATC has a mortality rate of ∼100% and median survival of less than 5 months. RNAi nanotechnology represents a...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - July 11, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Liu, Y., Gunda, V., Zhu, X., Xu, X., Wu, J., Askhatova, D., Farokhzad, O. C., Parangi, S., Shi, J. Tags: Physical Sciences Source Type: research
Drosophila antiviral response Microbiology
Since its discovery, RNA interference has been identified as involved in many different cellular processes, and as a natural antiviral response in plants, nematodes, and insects. In insects, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is the major antiviral response. In recent years, the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway also has been...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - July 18, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Petit, M., Mongelli, V., Frangeul, L., Blanc, H., Jiggins, F., Saleh, M.-C. Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research
Selective NP delivery to cancer over normal cells Engineering
Conventional chemotherapeutics nonselectively kill all rapidly dividing cells, which produces numerous side effects. To address this challenge, we report the discovery of functional polyesters that are capable of delivering siRNA drugs selectively to lung cancer cells and not to normal lung cells. Selective polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) were identified by high-throughput...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - September 26, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Yan, Y., Liu, L., Xiong, H., Miller, J. B., Zhou, K., Kos, P., Huffman, K. E., Elkassih, S., Norman, J. W., Carstens, R., Kim, J., Minna, J. D., Siegwart, D. J. Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research
FoxO6 is essential in cortical development Neuroscience
The forkhead transcription factor FoxO6 is prominently expressed during development of the murine neocortex. However, its function in cortical development is as yet unknown. We now demonstrate that cortical development is altered in FoxO6+/− and FoxO6−/− mice, showing migrating neurons halted in the intermediate zone. Using a FoxO6-directed siRNA approach,...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - November 7, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Paap, R. H., Oosterbroek, S., Wagemans, C. M. R. J., von Oerthel, L., Schellevis, R. D., Vastenhouw-van der Linden, A. J. A., Groot Koerkamp, M. J. A., Hoekman, M. F. M., Smidt, M. P. Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research
FoxO6 affects Plxna4-mediated neuronal migration during mouse cortical development Neuroscience
The forkhead transcription factor FoxO6 is prominently expressed during development of the murine neocortex. However, its function in cortical development is as yet unknown. We now demonstrate that cortical development is altered in FoxO6+/− and FoxO6−/− mice, showing migrating neurons halted in the intermediate zone. Using a FoxO6-directed siRNA approach,...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - November 7, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Ricardo H. Paap, Saskia Oosterbroek, Cindy M. R. J. Wagemans, Lars von Oerthel, Raymond D. Schellevis, Annemarie J. A. Vastenhouw-van der Linden, Marian J. A. Groot Koerkamp, Marco F. M. Hoekman, Marten P. Smidt Tags: PNAS Plus Source Type: research
Phosphate-binding pocket in Dicer-2 PAZ domain for high-fidelity siRNA production Biochemistry
The enzyme Dicer produces small silencing RNAs such as micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In Drosophila, Dicer-1 produces ∼22–24-nt miRNAs from pre-miRNAs, whereas Dicer-2 makes 21-nt siRNAs from long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). How Dicer-2 precisely makes 21-nt siRNAs with a remarkably high fidelity is unknown. Here we report...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 5, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Suresh K. Kandasamy, Ryuya Fukunaga Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research
Molecular therapy set to protect at-risk patients against heart attack and stroke
Even a single dose of a specific ribonucleic acid molecule, known as a small interfering RNA (siRNA), offers patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease long-lasting protection against high LDL cholesterol -- one of the main risk factors for heart attack and stroke -- conclude researchers.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - March 30, 2017 Category: Science Source Type: news
Deubiquitinase YOD1 potentiates YAP/TAZ activities through enhancing ITCH stability Cell Biology
Hippo signaling controls the expression of genes regulating cell proliferation and survival and organ size. The regulation of core components in the Hippo pathway by phosphorylation has been extensively investigated, but the roles of ubiquitination−deubiquitination processes are largely unknown. To identify deubiquitinase(s) that regulates Hippo signaling, we performed unbiased siRNA...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 1, 2017 Category: Science Authors: Youngeun Kim, Wantae Kim, Yonghee Song, Jeong-Rae Kim, Kyungjoo Cho, Hyuk Moon, Simon Weonsang Ro, Eunjeong Seo, Yeon-Mi Ryu, Seung-Jae Myung, Eek-Hoon Jho Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research
