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siRNAs pools generated in Escherichia coli exhibit strong RNA-interference activity against influenza virus genomic sequences
Virology. 2022 Dec 31;579:38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.12.013. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDue to the recurrent pandemic outbreaks that occurred during the last century, Influenza A viruses are considered a serious potential danger to human health. Among the innate immune pathways in eukaryotes, RNA interference plays a significant role in the interaction between viruses and host cells. RNA interference is addressed by small dsRNA molecules produced by the host itself (miRNAs, i.e. "micro-RNAs") but can be triggered also by the administration of exogenous short RNAs (siRNAs, "short interfering RNAs"). In this work, a...
Source: Virology - January 4, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Riccardo Villa Sabrina Renzi Silvia Dotti Franco Lucchini Source Type: research

Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies
Antiviral Res. 2022 Jun 20;204:105367. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105367. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose serious threats to global health. We previously reported that AAK1, BIKE and GAK, members of the Numb-associated kinase family, control intracellular trafficking of multiple RNA viruses during viral entry and assembly/egress. Here, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we probe the functional relevance of NAKs for SARS-CoV-2 infection. siRNA-mediated depletion of AA...
Source: Antiviral Research - June 23, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Marwah Karim Sirle Saul Luca Ghita Malaya Kumar Sahoo Chengjin Ye Nishank Bhalla Chieh Wen Lo Jing Jin Jun-Gyu Park Bel én Martinez-Gualda Michael Patrick East Gary L Johnson Benjamin A Pinsky Luis Martinez-Sobrido Christopher R M Asquith Aarthi Narayana Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 270: Synthetic Messenger RNA-Based Vaccines: from Scorn to Hype
o In the race for a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the synthetic mRNA format has been shown to be the fastest one and proved to be safe and highly efficient, even at the very low dose of a few µg per injection. The mRNA vaccines are not new: vaccines that are based on attenuated mRNA viruses, such as Mumps, Measles, and Rubella, immunize by delivering their mRNAs into the cells of the vaccinated individual, who produces the viral proteins that then prime the immune response. Synthetic mRNA in liposomes can be seen as a modern, more refined, and thereby a safer version of those live attenuated RNA viruses. The anti-COVID-...
Source: Viruses - February 9, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Steve Pascolo Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 924: Viral Vectors Applied for RNAi-Based Antiviral Therapy
m RNA interference (RNAi) provides the means for alternative antiviral therapy. Delivery of RNAi in the form of short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) have demonstrated efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases. Bioinformatics has played an important role in the design of efficient RNAi sequences targeting various pathogenic viruses. However, stability and delivery of RNAi molecules have presented serious obstacles for reaching therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, RNA modifications and formulation of nanoparticles have proven useful for non-...
Source: Viruses - August 22, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Kenneth Lundstrom Tags: Review Source Type: research

Interleukin-24 inhibits influenza A virus replication in vitro through induction of toll-like receptor 3 dependent apoptosis
This study demonstrates that IL-24 reduces the titer of different influenza A virus subtypes independently of type I interferon in an apoptosis dependent manner. The anti-viral effect of IL-24 correlated with caspase-3 activation and could be blocked by a pan-caspase inhibitor and by small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed towards TLR3. Surprisingly, caspase-3 activation in influenza A virus/IL-24-stimulated cells correlated with the down-regulation of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family member myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1). Correspondingly, knockdown of Mcl-1 by siRNA enhanced caspase activation in influenza A virus inf...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - September 14, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Interleukin-24 inhibits influenza A virus replication in vitro through induction of toll-like receptor 3 dependent apoptosis.
This study demonstrates that IL-24 reduces the titer of different influenza A virus subtypes independently of type I interferon in an apoptosis dependent manner. The anti-viral effect of IL-24 correlated with caspase-3 activation and could be blocked by a pan-caspase inhibitor and by small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed towards TLR3. Surprisingly, caspase-3 activation in influenza A virus/IL-24-stimulated cells correlated with the down-regulation of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family member myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1). Correspondingly, knockdown of Mcl-1 by siRNA enhanced caspase activation in influenza A virus inf...
Source: Antiviral Research - September 11, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Weiss R, Laengle J, Sachet M, Shurygina AP, Kiselev O, Egorov A, Bergmann M Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research