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Total 109 results found since Jan 2013.

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 5635: Orexin-A Regulates Follicular Growth, Proliferation, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in Mouse Primary Granulosa Cells Via the AKT/ERK Signaling Pathway
This study aimed to explore the expression of OXA and OX1R and their regulatory role in GCs proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, oocyte maturation, and underlying molecular mechanisms of these processes and elucidate its novel signaling pathway. Western blotting and RT-qPCR showed that OXA and OX1R were expressed during different developmental stages of GCs, and siRNA transfection successfully inhibited the expression of OX1R at the translational and transcriptional levels. Flow cytometry revealed that OX1R knockdown upregulated GCs apoptosis and triggered S-phase arrest in cell cycle progression. RT-qPCR and ...
Source: Molecules - September 16, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Muhammad Safdar Aixin Liang Shahid Ali Rajput Nasir Abbas Muhammad Zubair Aftab Shaukat Aziz ur Rehman Huma Jamil Yan Guo Farman Ullah Ligou Yang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 4919: The Inhibitory Effect of Sulforaphane on Bladder Cancer Cell Depends on GSH Depletion-Induced by Nrf2 Translocation
In this study, human bladder cancer T24 cells were used as in vitro model for revealing the inhibitory effect and its potential mechanism of SFN on cell growth. Here, a low dose of SFN (2.5 µM) was shown to promote cell proliferation (5.18–11.84%) and migration in T24 cells, whilst high doses of SFN (>10 µM) inhibited cell growth significantly. The induction effect of SFN on nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) expression at both low (2.5 µM) and high dose (10 µM) was characterized by a bell-shaped curve. Nrf2 and glutathione (GSH) might be the underlying mechanism in the effect of SFN on T24...
Source: Molecules - August 13, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Canxia He Luigina P. Buongiorno Wei Wang Jonathan C. Y. Tang Natalizia Miceli Maria Fernanda Taviano Yujuan Shan Yongping Bao Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 4711: Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Is Involved in the Phycocyanin-Mediated Antineoplastic Function of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Chengtao Wang Phycocyanin, derived from marine algae, is known to have noteworthy antineoplastic properties. However, the underlying mechanism involved in phycocyanin-mediated anti-growth function on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells is still ambiguous. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of phycocyanin on H1299, A549, and LTEP-a2 cells. According to the results obtained, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) expression was reduced by phycocyanin. Cell phenotype tests showed that siRNA knockdown of IRS-1 expression significantly inhibited the growth, migration, colony formation, but promoted the apoptos...
Source: Molecules - August 4, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Shuai Hao Qiancheng Li Yuanpu Liu Fannian Li Qi Yang Jing Wang Chengtao Wang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 4626: Cholesterol Sequestration from Caveolae/Lipid Rafts Enhances Cationic Liposome-Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery into Endothelial Cells
In this study, we demonstrated that the transient modulation of caveolae/lipid rafts mediated endocytosis with the cholesterol-sequestrating agents, nystatin, filipin III, and siRNA against Cav-1, which significantly increased the transfection properties of cationic lipid-(2-hydroxy-N-methyl-N,N-bis(2-tetradecanamidoethyl)ethanaminium chloride), namely, amide liposomes in combination with 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) (AD Liposomes) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SK-Hep1). In particular, nystatin was found to be highly effective with 2–3-fold enhanced transfection efficacy when compared wit...
Source: Molecules - July 30, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Santhosh Chandar Maddila Chandrashekhar Voshavar Porkizhi Arjunan Rashmi Prakash Chowath Hari Krishna Reddy Rachamalla Balaji Balakrishnan Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian Rajkumar Banerjee Srujan Marepally Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 4537: Trans-( −)-Kusunokinin: A Potential Anticancer Lignan Compound against HER2 in Breast Cancer Cell Lines?
Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 4537: Trans-(−)-Kusunokinin: A Potential Anticancer Lignan Compound against HER2 in Breast Cancer Cell Lines? Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules26154537 Authors: Rattanaburee Tanawattanasuntorn Thongpanchang Tipmanee Graidist Trans-(−)-kusunokinin, an anticancer compound, binds CSF1R with low affinity in breast cancer cells. Therefore, finding an additional possible target of trans-(−)-kusunokinin remains of importance for further development. Here, a computational study was completed followed by indirect proof of specific target proteins using small interfering RNA (siRNA...
Source: Molecules - July 27, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Rattanaburee Tanawattanasuntorn Thongpanchang Tipmanee Graidist Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 3852: Cytoprotection against Oxidative Stress by Methylnissolin-3-O- β-D-glucopyranoside from Astragalus membranaceus Mainly via the Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 3852: Cytoprotection against Oxidative Stress by Methylnissolin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Astragalus membranaceus Mainly via the Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules26133852 Authors: Xiaohua Wu Jian Xu Yousheng Cai Yuejun Yang Yuancai Liu Shugeng Cao Astragalus membranaceus is a famous herb found among medicinal and food plants in East and Southeastern Asia. The Nrf2-ARE assay-guided separation of an extract from Jing liqueur led to the identification of a nontoxic Nrf2 activator, methylnissolin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (MNG, a component of A. ...
Source: Molecules - June 24, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xiaohua Wu Jian Xu Yousheng Cai Yuejun Yang Yuancai Liu Shugeng Cao Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 3591: Quantitative Proteomics and Differential Protein Abundance Analysis after Depletion of Putative mRNA Receptors in the ER Membrane of Human Cells Identifies Novel Aspects of mRNA Targeting to the ER
chard Zimmermann In human cells, one-third of all polypeptides enter the secretory pathway at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The specificity and efficiency of this process are guaranteed by targeting of mRNAs and/or polypeptides to the ER membrane. Cytosolic SRP and its receptor in the ER membrane facilitate the cotranslational targeting of most ribosome-nascent precursor polypeptide chain (RNC) complexes together with the respective mRNAs to the Sec61 complex in the ER membrane. Alternatively, fully synthesized precursor polypeptides are targeted to the ER membrane post-translationally by either the TRC, SND, or PEX1...
Source: Molecules - June 11, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Pratiti Bhadra Stefan Schorr Monika Lerner Duy Nguyen Johanna Dudek Friedrich F örster Volkhard Helms Sven Lang Richard Zimmermann Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 3238: Size- and Surface- Dual Engineered Small Polyplexes for Efficiently Targeting Delivery of siRNA
This study provides a promising strategy to engineer the size and surface of polyplexes, allowing long blood circulation and targeted delivery of siRNA.
Source: Molecules - May 27, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Shuang Liu Shaohui Deng Xiaoxia Li Du Cheng Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 2610: In Vitro Inhibitory Analysis of Rationally Designed siRNAs against MERS-CoV Replication in Huh7 Cells
In this report, we have discussed the prediction, designing, and evaluation of potential siRNA targeting the ORF1ab gene for the inhibition of MERS-CoV replication. The online software, siDirect 2.0 was used to predict and design the siRNAs, their secondary structure and their target accessibility. ORF1ab gene folding was performed by RNAxs and RNAfold software. A total of twenty-one siRNAs were selected from 462 siRNAs according to their scoring and specificity. siRNAs were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity and antiviral efficacy in Huh7 cell line. No significant cytotoxicity was observed for all siRNAs in Huh7 ce...
Source: Molecules - April 29, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sherif Aly El-Kafrawy Sayed Sartaj Sohrab Zeenat Mirza Ahmed M. Hassan Fatima Alsaqaf Esam Ibraheem Azhar Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 2382: Elucidating Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cisplatin Chemotherapy: A Focus on Molecular Pathways and Possible Therapeutic Strategies
arrabi Kwang Seok Ahn The failure of chemotherapy is a major challenge nowadays, and in order to ensure effective treatment of cancer patients, it is of great importance to reveal the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in chemoresistance. Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum-containing drug with anti-tumor activity against different cancers in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, drug resistance has restricted its potential in the treatment of cancer patients. CP can promote levels of free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cell death. Due to the double-edged sword role of ROS ...
Source: Molecules - April 19, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sepideh Mirzaei Kiavash Hushmandi Amirhossein Zabolian Hossein Saleki Seyed Mohammad Reza Torabi Adnan Ranjbar SeyedHesam SeyedSaleh Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh Haroon Khan Milad Ashrafizadeh Ali Zarrabi Kwang Seok Ahn Tags: Review Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 2119: A Versatile Solid-Phase Approach to the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates with Biodegradable Hydrazone Linker
aminova One of the ways to efficiently deliver various drugs, including therapeutic nucleic acids, into the cells is conjugating them with different transport ligands via labile or stable bonds. A convenient solid-phase approach for the synthesis of 5′-conjugates of oligonucleotides with biodegradable pH-sensitive hydrazone covalent bonds is proposed in this article. The approach relies on introducing a hydrazide of the ligand under aqueous/organic media to a fully protected support-bound oligonucleotide containing aldehyde function at the 5′-end. We demonstrated the proof-of-principle of this approach by synthesiz...
Source: Molecules - April 7, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Mariya I. Meschaninova Nina S. Entelis Elena L. Chernolovskaya Alya G. Venyaminova Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 2092: Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Ginsenosides Isolated from the Fruit of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Regulation of HO-1 Expression through EGFR Signaling Has Anti-Inflammatory and Osteogenic Induction Effects in HPDL Cells
In conclusion, this study evaluated the contents of ginsenosides-Re, -Ra8, and -Rf isolated from P. ginseng fruit extract. Therefore, these results provide important basic data for future P. ginseng fruit component studies and suggest that ginsenosides Re, Ra8, and Rf have potential as future treatment options for periodontitis.
Source: Molecules - April 6, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Eun-Nam Kim Oryon Kaygusuz Hyun-Su Lee Gil-Saeng Jeong Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 2018: An Activatable T1-Weighted MR Contrast Agent: A Noninvasive Tool for Tracking the Vicinal Thiol Motif of Thioredoxin in Live Cells
iya Kwan Soo Hong We have synthesized new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 contrast agents (CA1 and CA2) that permit the activatable recognition of the cellular vicinal thiol motifs of the protein thioredoxin. The contrast agents showed MR relaxivities typical of gadolinium complexes with a single water molecule coordinated to a Gd3+ center (i.e., ~4.54 mM−1s−1) for both CA1 and CA2 at 60 MHz. The contrast agent CA1 showed a ~140% relaxivity enhancement in the presence of thioredoxin, a finding attributed to a reduction in the flexibility of the molecule after binding to thioredoxin. Support for this rationale...
Source: Molecules - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jongeun Kang Eunha Hwang Hyunseung Lee Mi Young Cho Sanu Karan Hak Nam Kim Jong Seung Kim Jonathan L. Sessler Sankarprasad Bhuniya Kwan Soo Hong Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 1732: Site-Selective Artificial Ribonucleases: Renaissance of Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Irreversible Cleavage of RNA Sequences
Marina Zenkova RNA-targeting therapeutics require highly efficient sequence-specific devices capable of RNA irreversible degradation in vivo. The most developed methods of sequence-specific RNA cleavage, such as siRNA or antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), are currently based on recruitment of either intracellular multi-protein complexes or enzymes, leaving alternative approaches (e.g., ribozymes and DNAzymes) far behind. Recently, site-selective artificial ribonucleases combining the oligonucleotide recognition motifs (or their structural analogues) and catalytically active groups in a single molecular scaffold have be...
Source: Molecules - March 19, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yaroslav Staroseletz Svetlana Gaponova Olga Patutina Elena Bichenkova Bahareh Amirloo Thomas Heyman Daria Chiglintseva Marina Zenkova Tags: Review Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 1713: Development of New Targeted Inulin Complex Nanoaggregates for siRNA Delivery in Antitumor Therapy
iammona Here, a novel strategy of formulating efficient polymeric carriers based on the already described INU-IMI-DETA for gene material whose structural, functional, and biological properties can be modulated and improved was successfully investigated. In particular, two novel derivatives of INU-IMI-DETA graft copolymer were synthesized by chemical functionalisation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or polyethylenglycol (PEG), named INU-IMI-DETA-EGF and INU-IMI-DETA-PEG, respectively, in order to improve the performance of already described “inulin complex nanoaggregates” (ICONs). The latter were thus prepared by...
Source: Molecules - March 19, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Gennara Cavallaro Carla Sardo Emanuela Fabiola Craparo Gaetano Giammona Tags: Article Source Type: research