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Source: PLoS One

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Total 74 results found since Jan 2013.

Delivery of gene targeting siRNAs to breast cancer cells using a multifunctional peptide complex that promotes both targeted delivery and endosomal release
This study demonstrates the ability of a peptide-based siRNA-delivery system to deliver siRNA into breast cancer cells and cause both protein knockdown and su ppression of the malignant phenotype. Such peptide complexes are likely to become highly useful siRNA-delivery vehicles for the characterization, and potentially for the treatment, of human cancer.
Source: PLoS One - June 30, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jeffrey D. Bjorge Source Type: research

Induction of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression by Hypoxia in Human Lung Fibroblasts via the MEKK1/MEK1/ERK1/GLI-1/GLI-2 and AP-1 Pathways
by Yi Cheng, Chien-huang Lin, Jing-Yun Chen, Chien-Hua Li, Yu-Tin Liu, Bing-Chang Chen Several reports have indicated that hypoxia, GLI, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) contribute to pulmonary fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) kinase 1 (MEKK1)/MEK1/ERK1/GLI-1/2 and activator protei n-1 (AP-1) signaling in hypoxia-induced CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts. Hypoxia time-dependently increased CTGF expression, which was attenuated by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of GLI-1 (GLI-1 siRNA) and GLI-2 (GLI-2 siRNA) in ...
Source: PLoS One - August 2, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yi Cheng Source Type: research

Upregulation of Unc-51-Like Kinase 1 by Nitric Oxide Stabilizes SIRT1, Independent of Autophagy
by Junhui Xing, Hongtao Liu, Huabing Yang, Rui Chen, Yuguo Chen, Jian Xu SIRT1 is central to the lifespan and vascular health, but undergoes degradation that contributes to several medical conditions, including diabetes. How SIRT1 turnover is regulated remains unclear. However, emerging evidence suggests that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) positively regulates SIRT1 protein expression. We recently identified NO as an endogenous inhibitor of 26S proteasome functionality with a cellular reporter system. Here we extended this finding to a novel pathway that regulates SIRT1 protein breakdown. In cycloheximide (CHX)-...
Source: PLoS One - December 26, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Junhui Xing et al. Source Type: research

A Convenient < i > In Vivo < /i > Model Using Small Interfering RNA Silencing to Rapidly Assess Skeletal Gene Function
by Wen Zhang, Can Liu, Bao Hai, Guohong Du, Hong Wang, Huijie Leng, Yingsheng Xu, Chunli Song It is difficult to study bone in vitro because it contains various cell types that engage in cross-talk. Bone biologically links various organs, and it has thus become increasingly evident that skeletal physiology must be studied in an integrative manner in an intact animal. We developed a model u sing local intraosseous small interfering RNA (siRNA) injection to rapidly assess the effects of a target gene on the local skeletal environment. In this model, 160-g male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 1–2 weeks. The left tibia...
Source: PLoS One - November 27, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wen Zhang Source Type: research

Inhibitory Mechanism of FAT4 Gene Expression in Response to Actin Dynamics during Src-Induced Carcinogenesis
In this study, we show that transient activation of the Src oncoprotein represses FAT4 mRNA expression through actin depolymerization in the immortalized normal human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A. Src activation causes actin depolymerization via the MEK/Erk/Cofilin cascade. The MEK inhibitor U0126 blocks the inhibitory effect of Src on FAT4 mRNA expression and Src-induced actin depolymerization. To determine whether actin dynamics act on the regulation of FAT4 mRNA expression, we treated MCF-10A cells with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. Y-27632 treatment decreased FAT4 mRNA expression. This suppressive effect was bloc...
Source: PLoS One - February 13, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Takao Ito et al. Source Type: research

Ampelopsin Improves Insulin Resistance by Activating PPARγ and Subsequently Up-Regulating FGF21-AMPK Signaling Pathway
by Yong Zhou, Ying Wu, Yu Qin, Lei Liu, Jing Wan, Lingyun Zou, Qianyong Zhang, Jundong Zhu, Mantian Mi Ampelopsin (APL), a major bioactive constituent of Ampelopsis grossedentata, exerts a number of biological effects. Here, we explored the anti-diabetic activity of APL and elucidate the underlying mechanism of this action. In palmitate-induced insulin resistance of L6 myotubes, APL treatment markedly up- regulated phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and protein kinase B, along with a corresponding increase of glucose uptake capacity. APL treatment also increased expressions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) and...
Source: PLoS One - July 7, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yong Zhou Source Type: research

RhoA promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via PKN1-cyclin D1 signaling
ConclusionThis study shows that the effect of RhoA on ESC proliferation is mediated by activation of the PKN1-cyclin D1 pathway in vitro, suggesting that RhoA may serve as a new therapeutic target for wound healing.
Source: PLoS One - February 20, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Fan Wang Source Type: research

TRPV4 is activated by mechanical stimulation to induce prostaglandins release in trabecular meshwork, lowering intraocular pressure
by Takatoshi Uchida, Shota Shimizu, Reiko Yamagishi, Suzumi M. Tokuoka, Yoshihiro Kita, Rei Sakata, Megumi Honjo, Makoto Aihara Trabecular meshwork constitutes the conventional outflow pathway and controls intraocular pressure by regulating aqueous outflow. Mechanical stimulation has been studied as one of the triggers to regulate aqueous outflow in trabecular meshwork, but it is not well understood. We investigated that h ow transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) functions in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMC) and affects intraocular pressure (IOP). HTMC were treated with TRPV4 siRNA...
Source: PLoS One - October 21, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Takatoshi Uchida Source Type: research

Inducible but Not Constitutive Expression of PD-L1 in Human Melanoma Cells Is Dependent on Activation of NF-κB
by Kavitha Gowrishankar, Dilini Gunatilake, Stuart J. Gallagher, Jessamy Tiffen, Helen Rizos, Peter Hersey Monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint blockade have proven to be a major success in the treatment of melanoma. The programmed death receptor-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on melanoma cells is believed to have an inhibitory effect on T cell responses and to be an important escape mechanism from immune attack. Previous studies have shown that PD-L1 can be expressed constitutively or can be induced by IFN-γ secreted by infiltrating lymphocytes. In the present study we have investigated the mechanism underlyin...
Source: PLoS One - April 6, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kavitha Gowrishankar et al. Source Type: research

Caveolin-1 Dependent Endocytosis Enhances the Chemosensitivity of HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer Cells to Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1)
In this study, the relationship between caveolin-1 expression and the chemosensitivity of HER-2-positive breast cancer cells to T-DM1 was investigated. Samples from 32 human breast cancer biopsy and normal tissue specimens were evaluated immunohistochemically for caveolin-1 expression. Caveolin-1 was shown to be expressed in 68% (22/32) of the breast cancer specimens. In addition, eight (72.7%, 8/11) HER-2 positive breast cancer specimens had a higher caveolin-1 expression than normal tissues. HER-2-positive BT-474 and SKBR-3 breast cancer cells that express low and moderate levels of caveolin-1, respectively, were treated...
Source: PLoS One - July 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yuan-Chiang Chung et al. Source Type: research

Effects of SOX2 on Proliferation, Migration and Adhesion of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
This study indicated that SOX2 could improve the cell proliferation, migration and adhesion ability of DPSCs through regulating gene expression about cell cycle, migration and adhesion, and provided a novel strategy to develop seed cells with strong proliferation, migration and adhesion ability for tissue engineering.
Source: PLoS One - October 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Pengfei Liu et al. Source Type: research

Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates Kidney Injury Due to Obstructive Nephropathy in Rats
Conclusion Ang-(1–7) prevents obstructive nephropathy by suppressing renal apoptosis and fibrosis, possibly by regulating TGF-β1/Smad signaling and cell cycle arrest via suppression of AT1R expression. In addition, Ang-(1–7) increased and decreased ACE2 and TACE expression, respectively, which could potentially mediate a positive feedback mechanism via the Mas receptor.
Source: PLoS One - November 10, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chang Seong Kim et al. Source Type: research

Heat Shock Protein 27 Plays a Pivotal Role in Myofibroblast Differentiation and in the Development of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
by Ah-Mee Park, Kyosuke Kanai, Tatsuki Itoh, Takao Sato, Tatsuya Tsukui, Yutaka Inagaki, Moises Selman, Kouji Matsushima, Osamu Yoshie Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a member of the small molecular weight HSP family. Upon treatment with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), we observed upregulation of HSP27 along with that of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of myofibroblast differentiation, in cultured human and mouse lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, by using siRNA knockdown, we demonstrated that HSP27 was involved in cell survival and upregulation of fibronectin, osteopontin (OPN) and type 1 collagen, all f...
Source: PLoS One - February 9, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ah-Mee Park et al. Source Type: research

Smooth Muscle-Alpha Actin Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Inhibiting Rac1 Activity
by Lihua Chen, Allison DeWispelaere, Frank Dastvan, William R. A. Osborne, Christine Blechner, Sabine Windhorst, Guenter Daum Smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) is a marker for the contractile, non-proliferative phenotype of adult smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Upon arterial injury, expression of SMA and other structural proteins decreases and SMCs acquire a pro-migratory and proliferative phenotype. To what extent SMA regulates migration and proliferation of SMCs is unclear and putative signaling pathways involved remain to be elucidated. Here, we used lentiviral-mediated gene transfer and siRNA technology to manipulate expres...
Source: PLoS One - May 12, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Lihua Chen Source Type: research

Thromboxane A2 Regulates CXCL1 and CXCL8 Chemokine Expression in the Nasal Mucosa–Derived Fibroblasts of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients
Conclusion and Implications Our study provides the first evidence for abundant TP receptor and CXCL1/8 expression in human CRSsNP mucosa and for TXA2 stimulation inducing CXCL1/8 expression in nasal fibroblasts primarily through TP receptor, cAMP/PKA, PKCμ/PKD, and CREB-related pathways.
Source: PLoS One - June 27, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yih-Jeng Tsai Source Type: research