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Source: AJP: Cell Physiology
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Total 49 results found since Jan 2013.
Downregulation of LRRC8A protects human ovarian and alveolar carcinoma cells against Cisplatin-induced expression of p53, MDM2, p21Waf1/Cip1, and Caspase-9/-3 activation
The leucine-rich repeat containing 8A (LRRC8A) protein is an essential component of the volume-sensitive organic anion channel (VSOAC), and using pharmacological anion channel inhibitors (NS3728, DIDS) and LRRC8A siRNA we have investigated its role in development of Cisplatin resistance in human ovarian (A2780) and alveolar (A549) carcinoma cells. In Cisplatin-sensitive cells Cisplatin treatment increases p53-protein level as well as downstream signaling, e.g., expression of p21Waf1/Cip1, Bax, Noxa, MDM2, and activation of Caspase-9/-3. In contrast, Cisplatin-resistant cells do not enter apoptosis, i.e., their p53 and down...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - May 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Sorensen, B. H., Nielsen, D., Thorsteinsdottir, U. A., Hoffmann, E. K., Lambert, I. H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Rab25 influences functional Cav1.2 channel surface expression in arterial smooth muscle cells
Plasma membrane-localized CaV1.2 channels are the primary calcium (Ca2+) influx pathway in arterial smooth muscle cells (myocytes). CaV1.2 channels regulate several cellular functions, including contractility and gene expression, but the trafficking pathways that control the surface expression of these proteins are unclear. Similarly, expression and physiological functions of small Rab GTPases, proteins that control vesicular trafficking in arterial myocytes, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated Rab proteins that control functional surface abundance of CaV1.2 channels in cerebral artery myocytes. Western blotting i...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - May 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Bannister, J. P., Bulley, S., Leo, M. D., Kidd, M. W., Jaggar, J. H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Altered expression of uncoupling protein 2 in GLP-1-producing cells after chronic high glucose exposure: implications for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut L-cell hormone that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Several approaches that prevent GLP-1 degradation or activate the GLP-1 receptor are being used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In T2DM, GLP-1 secretion has been suggested to be impaired, and this defect appears to be a consequence rather than a cause of impaired glucose homeostasis. However, although defective GLP-1 secretion has been correlated with insulin resistance, little is known about the direct effects of chronic high glucose concentrations, which are typical in diabetes patients, on GLP-1...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Urbano, F., Filippello, A., Di Pino, A., Barbagallo, D., Di Mauro, S., Pappalardo, A., Rabuazzo, A. M., Purrello, M., Purrello, F., Piro, S. Tags: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Liver X receptor-{alpha} and miR-130a-3p regulate expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Recent studies have shown that activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) attenuates the development of atherosclerosis, not only by regulating lipid metabolism but also by suppressing inflammatory signaling. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), an important inflammatory gene product, plays a role in the development of various inflammatory diseases. It was proposed that S1PR2 might be regulated by LXR-α. In the present study, the effect of LXR-α on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced S1PR2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated and the underlying mechan...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 1, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Fan, A., Wang, Q., Yuan, Y., Cheng, J., Chen, L., Guo, X., Li, Q., Chen, B., Huang, X., Huang, Q. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Protein kinase A stimulates Kv7.1 surface expression by regulating Nedd4-2-dependent endocytic trafficking
The potassium channel Kv7.1 plays critical physiological roles in both heart and epithelial tissues. In heart, Kv7.1 and the accessory subunit KCNE1 forms the slowly activating delayed-rectifier potassium current current, which is enhanced by protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. The observed current increase requires both phosphorylation of Kv7.1 and the presence of KCNE1. However, PKA also stimulates Kv7.1 currents in epithelial tissues, such as colon, where the channel does not coassemble with KCNE1. Here, we demonstrate that PKA activity significantly impacts the subcellular localization of Kv7.1 in Madin-Da...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - November 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Andersen, M. N., Hefting, L. L., Steffensen, A. B., Schmitt, N., Olesen, S.-P., Olsen, J. V., Lundby, A., Rasmussen, H. B. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by hepatic stimulator substance via preservation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 activity
In conclusion, HSS reduces lipotoxicity to mitochondria most likely via preservation of CPT-1.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Xiao, W., Ren, M., Zhang, C., Li, S., An, W. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Defining the roles of arrestin2 and arrestin3 in vasoconstrictor receptor desensitization in hypertension
In conclusion, arrestin2 and 3 expression is elevated in resistance arteries during the emergence of the early hypertensive phenotype, which underlies an enhanced ability to desensitize vasoconstrictor signaling and vessel contraction. Such regulatory changes may act to compensate for increased vasoconstrictor-induced vessel contraction.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Willets, J. M., Nash, C. A., Rainbow, R. D., Nelson, C. P., Challiss, R. A. J. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
PPAR{alpha} inhibition modulates multiple reprogrammed metabolic pathways in kidney cancer and attenuates tumor growth
Kidney cancer [renal cell carcinoma (RCC)] is the sixth-most-common cancer in the United States, and its incidence is increasing. The current progression-free survival for patients with advanced RCC rarely extends beyond 1–2 yr due to the development of therapeutic resistance. We previously identified peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-α (PPARα) as a potential therapeutic target for this disease and showed that a specific PPARα antagonist, GW6471, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in RCC cell lines associated with attenuation of cell cycle regulatory proteins. We now extend t...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Abu Aboud, O., Donohoe, D., Bultman, S., Fitch, M., Riiff, T., Hellerstein, M., Weiss, R. H. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Chronic and selective inhibition of basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates brush border membrane Na absorption in intestinal epithelial cells
Na-K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein in mammalian cells, is responsible for maintaining the favorable intracellular Na gradient necessary to promote Na-coupled solute cotransport processes [e.g., Na-glucose cotransport (SGLT1)]. Inhibition of brush border membrane (BBM) SGLT1 is, at least in part, due to the diminished Na-K-ATPase in villus cells from chronically inflamed rabbit intestine. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Na-K-ATPase inhibition on the two major BBM Na absorptive pathways, specifically Na-glucose cotransport and Na/H exchange (NHE), in intestinal epithelial (IEC-18) cells. Na...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Manoharan, P., Gayam, S., Arthur, S., Palaniappan, B., Singh, S., Dick, G. M., Sundaram, U. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate ameliorates H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
In conclusion, our data suggest that 5-ALA and SFC protect HL-1 cells from H2O2-induced cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhao, M., Guo, H., Chen, J., Wang, J., Huang, H., Zheng, S., Hei, M., Li, J., Huang, S., Li, J., Ma, X., Chen, Y., Zhao, L., Zhuang, J., Zhu, P. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Inhibitory role of REV-ERB{alpha} in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein gene family in rat uterus endometrium stromal cells
Uterus circadian rhythms have been implicated in the gestation processes of mammals through entraining of the clock proteins to numerous downstream genes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), having clock-controlled regulatory sites in their gene promoters, are expressed in the uterus during decidualization, but the regulation of the Bmp gene expression is poorly understood. The present study was designed to dissect the physiological roles of the uterus oscillators in the Bmp expression using the uterus endometrial stromal cells (UESCs) isolated from Per2-dLuc transgenic rats on day 4.5 of gestation. The in vitro decidualiz...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Tasaki, H., Zhao, L., Isayama, K., Chen, H., Yamauchi, N., Shigeyoshi, Y., Hashimoto, S., Hattori, M.-a. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Inhibition of RhoA-dependent pathway and contraction by endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rabbit gastric smooth muscle cells
Inhibitory neurotransmitters, chiefly nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, increase cyclic nucleotide levels and inhibit muscle contraction via inhibition of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and activation of MLC phosphatase (MLCP). H2S produced as an endogenous signaling molecule synthesized mainly from l-cysteine via cystathionine--lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) regulates muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of CSE and H2S function in the regulation of MLCP activity, 20-kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II (MLC20) phosphorylation, and contraction in iso...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Nalli, A. D., Rajagopal, S., Mahavadi, S., Grider, J. R., Murthy, K. S. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Nestin-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling in endothelial cells: novel mechanistic insight into VEGF-induced cell migration in angiogenesis
Nestin is highly expressed in poorly differentiated and newly formed proliferating endothelial cells (ECs); however, the role of this protein in angiogenesis remains unknown. Additionally, the cytoskeleton and associated cytoskeleton-binding proteins mediate the migration of vascular ECs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether VEGF regulates the cytoskeleton, as well as other associated proteins, to promote the migration of vascular ECs. The coexpression of nestin and CD31 during angiogenesis in alkali-burned rat corneas was examined via immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot analyses revealed...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Liang, Z.-w., Wang, Z., Chen, H., Li, C., Zhou, T., Yang, Z., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Gao, G., Cai, W. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
ERp29 regulates epithelial sodium channel functional expression by promoting channel cleavage
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and airway surface liquid volume. ERp29 is a 29-kDa thioredoxin-homologous endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that has only a single cysteine instead of the usual thioredoxin CXXC motif. Our group previously demonstrated that ERp29 promotes biogenesis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). On the basis of similarities of CFTR and ENaC trafficking, we hypothesized that ERp29 would also regulate ENaC biogenesis and functional expression. In epithelial cells, overexpression of wild-type (wt) ERp29 increased ENaC ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - October 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Grumbach, Y., Bikard, Y., Suaud, L., Chanoux, R. A., Rubenstein, R. C. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Kcnj10 is a major type of K+ channel in mouse corneal epithelial cells and plays a role in initiating EGFR signaling
We used primary mouse corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) to examine the role of Kcnj10 in determining membrane K+ conductance and cell membrane potential and in regulating EGF/TGFA release. Western blot, immunostaining, and RT-PCR detected the expression of Kcnj10 in mouse cornea. The single channel recording identified the 20-pS inwardly rectifying K+ channels in pMCE of WT mice, but these channels were absent in Kcnj10–/–. Moreover, the whole cell recording demonstrates that deletion of Kcnj10 largely abolished the inward K+ currents and depolarized the cell membrane K+ reversal potential (an index of the cell m...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - October 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang, L., Zhang, C., Su, X., Lin, D. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
