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Source: AJP: Cell Physiology
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Total 49 results found since Jan 2013.
CREB, NF-{kappa}B, and NADPH oxidase coordinately upregulate indoxyl sulfate-induced angiotensinogen expression in proximal tubular cells
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, accumulates in serum, and the expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) is upregulated in renal proximal tubular cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between indoxyl sulfate and the upregulation of AGT expression in proximal tubular cells. Indoxyl sulfate induced expression of AGT in rat renal cortex and in cultured human proximal tubular cells (HK-2). In proximal tubular cells, indoxyl sulfate induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) on Ser-133, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to CREB inhibited ind...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Shimizu, H., Saito, S., Higashiyama, Y., Nishijima, F., Niwa, T. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Specific inhibition of HDAC4 in cardiac progenitor cells enhances myocardial repairs
We have recently shown that in vivo inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) stimulates endogenous myocardial regeneration in infarcted hearts (Zhang L et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 341: 285–293, 2012). Furthermore, our observation demonstrates that HDAC inhibition promotes cardiogenesis, which is associated with HDAC4 reduction. However, it remains unknown as to whether specific inhibition of HDAC4 modulates cardiac stem cells (CSCs) to facilitate myocardial repair and to preserve cardiac performance. c-kit+ CSCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and were transfected with HDAC4 siRNA to knockdown HDAC4 of c-kit+ C...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, L. X., DeNicola, M., Qin, X., Du, J., Ma, J., Tina Zhao, Y., Zhuang, S., Liu, P. Y., Wei, L., Qin, G., Tang, Y., Zhao, T. C. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Caveolin-1 regulates corneal wound healing by modulating Kir4.1 activity
The expression of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in corneal epithelium is associated with regeneration potency. We used Cav1–/– mice to study the role of Cav1 in modulating corneal wound healing. Western blot and whole cell patch clamp were employed to study the effect of Cav1 deletion on Kir4.1 current density in corneas. We found that Ba2+-sensitive K+ currents in primary cultured murine corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) from Cav1–/– were dramatically reduced (602 pA) compared with those from wild type (WT; 1,300 pA). As a consequence, membrane potential was elevated in pMCE from Cav1–/– compared wit...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 14, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, C., Su, X., Bellner, L., Lin, D.-H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Definitive evidence using enucleated cytoplasts for a nongenomic basis for the cystic change in endoplasmic reticulum structure caused by STAT5a/b siRNAs
STAT5a/b species are well known as transcription factors that regulate nuclear gene expression. In a novel line of research in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs), we previously observed that STAT5a associated with the Golgi apparatus and that siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT5a/b led to the rapid development of a dramatic cystic change in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) characterized by deposition along cyst membranes and tubule-to-cyst boundaries of the proteins reticulon-4 (RTN4; also called Nogo-B) and the ER-resident GTPase atlastin-3 (ATL3) and Golgi fragmentation. We now report that STAT5a can be obser...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee, J. E., Yang, Y.-M., Yuan, H., Sehgal, P. B. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Differential regulation of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptor signaling in gastrointestinal smooth muscle by caveolin-1
Caveolae act as scaffolding proteins for several G protein-coupled receptor signaling molecules to regulate their activity. Caveolin-1, the predominant isoform in smooth muscle, drives the formation of caveolae. The precise role of caveolin-1 and caveolae as scaffolds for G protein-coupled receptor signaling and contraction in gastrointestinal muscle is unclear. Thus the aim of this study was to examine the role of caveolin-1 in the regulation of Gq- and Gi-coupled receptor signaling. RT-PCR, Western blot, and radioligand-binding studies demonstrated the selective expression of M2 and M3 receptors in gastric smooth muscle ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Bhattacharya, S., Mahavadi, S., Al-Shboul, O., Rajagopal, S., Grider, J. R., Murthy, K. S. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
High potassium promotes mutual interaction between (pro)renin receptor and the local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in rat inner medullary collecting duct cells
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is predominantly expressed in the collecting duct (CD) with unclear functional implication. It is not known whether CD PRR is regulated by high potassium (HK). Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of HK on PRR expression and its role in regulation of aldosterone synthesis and release in the CD. In primary rat inner medullary CD cells, HK augmented PRR expression and soluble PPR (sPRR) release in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was attenuated by PRR small interfering RNA (siRNA), eplerenone, and losartan. HK upregulated aldosterone release in parallel with an increase of CYP11B2 (cytoc...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - October 9, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu, C., Fang, H., Zhou, L., Lu, A., Yang, T. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Myoendothelial gap junctions mediate regulation of angiopoietin-2-induced vascular hyporeactivity after hypoxia through connexin 43-gated cAMP transfer
Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) contributes to vascular hyporeactivity after hemorrhagic shock and hypoxia through upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a vascular endothelial cell (VEC)-specific and Ang-2/Tie2 receptor-dependent manner. While iNOS is primarily expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the mechanisms of signal transfer from VECs to VSMCs are unknown. A double-sided coculture model with VECs and VSMCs from Sprague-Dawley rats was used to investigate the role of myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs), the connexin (Cx) isoforms involved, and other relevant mechanisms. After hypoxia, VSMCs t...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - September 1, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu, J., Yang, G., Li, T., Liu, L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Acute myotube protein synthesis regulation by IL-6-related cytokines
IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), members of the IL-6 family of cytokines, play recognized paradoxical roles in skeletal muscle mass regulation, being associated with both growth and atrophy. Overload or muscle contractions can induce a transient increase in muscle IL-6 and LIF expression, which has a regulatory role in muscle hypertrophy. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in this regulation have not been completely identified. The induction of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent myofiber protein synthesis is an established regulator of muscle hypertrophy, but the involvement of the ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - November 1, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Gao, S., Durstine, J. L., Koh, H.-J., Carver, W. E., Frizzell, N., Carson, J. A. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
IQGAP1 links PDGF receptor-{beta} signal to focal adhesions involved in vascular smooth muscle cell migration: role in neointimal formation after vascular injury
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and neointimal formation in response to injury. We previously identified IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as a novel VEGF receptor 2 binding scaffold protein involved in endothelial migration. However, its role in VSMC migration and neointimal formation in vivo is unknown. Here we show that PDGF stimulation rapidly promotes IQGAP1 association with PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR) as well as IQGAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cultured VSMC. Overexpression or knockdown of IQGAP1 enhances or inhibits PDGFR autophosphorylati...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - September 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Kohno, T., Urao, N., Ashino, T., Sudhahar, V., Inomata, H., Yamaoka-Tojo, M., McKinney, R. D., Fukai, T., Ushio-Fukai, M. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Kcnj10 is a major type of K+ channel in mouse corneal epithelial cells and plays a role in initiating EGFR signaling
We used primary mouse corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) to examine the role of Kcnj10 in determining membrane K+ conductance and cell membrane potential and in regulating EGF/TGFA release. Western blot, immunostaining, and RT-PCR detected the expression of Kcnj10 in mouse cornea. The single channel recording identified the 20-pS inwardly rectifying K+ channels in pMCE of WT mice, but these channels were absent in Kcnj10–/–. Moreover, the whole cell recording demonstrates that deletion of Kcnj10 largely abolished the inward K+ currents and depolarized the cell membrane K+ reversal potential (an index of the cell m...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - October 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang, L., Zhang, C., Su, X., Lin, D. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Nestin-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling in endothelial cells: novel mechanistic insight into VEGF-induced cell migration in angiogenesis
Nestin is highly expressed in poorly differentiated and newly formed proliferating endothelial cells (ECs); however, the role of this protein in angiogenesis remains unknown. Additionally, the cytoskeleton and associated cytoskeleton-binding proteins mediate the migration of vascular ECs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether VEGF regulates the cytoskeleton, as well as other associated proteins, to promote the migration of vascular ECs. The coexpression of nestin and CD31 during angiogenesis in alkali-burned rat corneas was examined via immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot analyses revealed...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Liang, Z.-w., Wang, Z., Chen, H., Li, C., Zhou, T., Yang, Z., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Gao, G., Cai, W. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Chronic and selective inhibition of basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates brush border membrane Na absorption in intestinal epithelial cells
Na-K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein in mammalian cells, is responsible for maintaining the favorable intracellular Na gradient necessary to promote Na-coupled solute cotransport processes [e.g., Na-glucose cotransport (SGLT1)]. Inhibition of brush border membrane (BBM) SGLT1 is, at least in part, due to the diminished Na-K-ATPase in villus cells from chronically inflamed rabbit intestine. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Na-K-ATPase inhibition on the two major BBM Na absorptive pathways, specifically Na-glucose cotransport and Na/H exchange (NHE), in intestinal epithelial (IEC-18) cells. Na...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Manoharan, P., Gayam, S., Arthur, S., Palaniappan, B., Singh, S., Dick, G. M., Sundaram, U. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate ameliorates H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
In conclusion, our data suggest that 5-ALA and SFC protect HL-1 cells from H2O2-induced cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhao, M., Guo, H., Chen, J., Wang, J., Huang, H., Zheng, S., Hei, M., Li, J., Huang, S., Li, J., Ma, X., Chen, Y., Zhao, L., Zhuang, J., Zhu, P. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Liver X receptor-{alpha} and miR-130a-3p regulate expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Recent studies have shown that activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) attenuates the development of atherosclerosis, not only by regulating lipid metabolism but also by suppressing inflammatory signaling. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), an important inflammatory gene product, plays a role in the development of various inflammatory diseases. It was proposed that S1PR2 might be regulated by LXR-α. In the present study, the effect of LXR-α on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced S1PR2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated and the underlying mechan...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 1, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Fan, A., Wang, Q., Yuan, Y., Cheng, J., Chen, L., Guo, X., Li, Q., Chen, B., Huang, X., Huang, Q. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Canstatin stimulates migration of rat cardiac fibroblasts via secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2
In conclusion, this study revealed a novel function of canstatin for inducing cell migration of adult rat cardiac fibroblasts at least in part by ERK phosphorylation through MMP-2 secretion, possibly via actin cytoskeletal change.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 28, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Okada, M., Murata, N., Yamawaki, H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
