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Source: AJP: Cell Physiology
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Total 49 results found since Jan 2013.
ERp29 regulates epithelial sodium channel functional expression by promoting channel cleavage
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and airway surface liquid volume. ERp29 is a 29-kDa thioredoxin-homologous endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that has only a single cysteine instead of the usual thioredoxin CXXC motif. Our group previously demonstrated that ERp29 promotes biogenesis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). On the basis of similarities of CFTR and ENaC trafficking, we hypothesized that ERp29 would also regulate ENaC biogenesis and functional expression. In epithelial cells, overexpression of wild-type (wt) ERp29 increased ENaC ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - October 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Grumbach, Y., Bikard, Y., Suaud, L., Chanoux, R. A., Rubenstein, R. C. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Inhibition of RhoA-dependent pathway and contraction by endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rabbit gastric smooth muscle cells
Inhibitory neurotransmitters, chiefly nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, increase cyclic nucleotide levels and inhibit muscle contraction via inhibition of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and activation of MLC phosphatase (MLCP). H2S produced as an endogenous signaling molecule synthesized mainly from l-cysteine via cystathionine--lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) regulates muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of CSE and H2S function in the regulation of MLCP activity, 20-kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II (MLC20) phosphorylation, and contraction in iso...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Nalli, A. D., Rajagopal, S., Mahavadi, S., Grider, J. R., Murthy, K. S. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Inhibitory role of REV-ERB{alpha} in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein gene family in rat uterus endometrium stromal cells
Uterus circadian rhythms have been implicated in the gestation processes of mammals through entraining of the clock proteins to numerous downstream genes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), having clock-controlled regulatory sites in their gene promoters, are expressed in the uterus during decidualization, but the regulation of the Bmp gene expression is poorly understood. The present study was designed to dissect the physiological roles of the uterus oscillators in the Bmp expression using the uterus endometrial stromal cells (UESCs) isolated from Per2-dLuc transgenic rats on day 4.5 of gestation. The in vitro decidualiz...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Tasaki, H., Zhao, L., Isayama, K., Chen, H., Yamauchi, N., Shigeyoshi, Y., Hashimoto, S., Hattori, M.-a. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
PPAR{alpha} inhibition modulates multiple reprogrammed metabolic pathways in kidney cancer and attenuates tumor growth
Kidney cancer [renal cell carcinoma (RCC)] is the sixth-most-common cancer in the United States, and its incidence is increasing. The current progression-free survival for patients with advanced RCC rarely extends beyond 1–2 yr due to the development of therapeutic resistance. We previously identified peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-α (PPARα) as a potential therapeutic target for this disease and showed that a specific PPARα antagonist, GW6471, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in RCC cell lines associated with attenuation of cell cycle regulatory proteins. We now extend t...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Abu Aboud, O., Donohoe, D., Bultman, S., Fitch, M., Riiff, T., Hellerstein, M., Weiss, R. H. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Defining the roles of arrestin2 and arrestin3 in vasoconstrictor receptor desensitization in hypertension
In conclusion, arrestin2 and 3 expression is elevated in resistance arteries during the emergence of the early hypertensive phenotype, which underlies an enhanced ability to desensitize vasoconstrictor signaling and vessel contraction. Such regulatory changes may act to compensate for increased vasoconstrictor-induced vessel contraction.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Willets, J. M., Nash, C. A., Rainbow, R. D., Nelson, C. P., Challiss, R. A. J. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by hepatic stimulator substance via preservation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 activity
In conclusion, HSS reduces lipotoxicity to mitochondria most likely via preservation of CPT-1.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Xiao, W., Ren, M., Zhang, C., Li, S., An, W. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Protein kinase A stimulates Kv7.1 surface expression by regulating Nedd4-2-dependent endocytic trafficking
The potassium channel Kv7.1 plays critical physiological roles in both heart and epithelial tissues. In heart, Kv7.1 and the accessory subunit KCNE1 forms the slowly activating delayed-rectifier potassium current current, which is enhanced by protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. The observed current increase requires both phosphorylation of Kv7.1 and the presence of KCNE1. However, PKA also stimulates Kv7.1 currents in epithelial tissues, such as colon, where the channel does not coassemble with KCNE1. Here, we demonstrate that PKA activity significantly impacts the subcellular localization of Kv7.1 in Madin-Da...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - November 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Andersen, M. N., Hefting, L. L., Steffensen, A. B., Schmitt, N., Olesen, S.-P., Olsen, J. V., Lundby, A., Rasmussen, H. B. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Altered expression of uncoupling protein 2 in GLP-1-producing cells after chronic high glucose exposure: implications for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut L-cell hormone that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Several approaches that prevent GLP-1 degradation or activate the GLP-1 receptor are being used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In T2DM, GLP-1 secretion has been suggested to be impaired, and this defect appears to be a consequence rather than a cause of impaired glucose homeostasis. However, although defective GLP-1 secretion has been correlated with insulin resistance, little is known about the direct effects of chronic high glucose concentrations, which are typical in diabetes patients, on GLP-1...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Urbano, F., Filippello, A., Di Pino, A., Barbagallo, D., Di Mauro, S., Pappalardo, A., Rabuazzo, A. M., Purrello, M., Purrello, F., Piro, S. Tags: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Downregulation of LRRC8A protects human ovarian and alveolar carcinoma cells against Cisplatin-induced expression of p53, MDM2, p21Waf1/Cip1, and Caspase-9/-3 activation
The leucine-rich repeat containing 8A (LRRC8A) protein is an essential component of the volume-sensitive organic anion channel (VSOAC), and using pharmacological anion channel inhibitors (NS3728, DIDS) and LRRC8A siRNA we have investigated its role in development of Cisplatin resistance in human ovarian (A2780) and alveolar (A549) carcinoma cells. In Cisplatin-sensitive cells Cisplatin treatment increases p53-protein level as well as downstream signaling, e.g., expression of p21Waf1/Cip1, Bax, Noxa, MDM2, and activation of Caspase-9/-3. In contrast, Cisplatin-resistant cells do not enter apoptosis, i.e., their p53 and down...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - May 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Sorensen, B. H., Nielsen, D., Thorsteinsdottir, U. A., Hoffmann, E. K., Lambert, I. H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Rab25 influences functional Cav1.2 channel surface expression in arterial smooth muscle cells
Plasma membrane-localized CaV1.2 channels are the primary calcium (Ca2+) influx pathway in arterial smooth muscle cells (myocytes). CaV1.2 channels regulate several cellular functions, including contractility and gene expression, but the trafficking pathways that control the surface expression of these proteins are unclear. Similarly, expression and physiological functions of small Rab GTPases, proteins that control vesicular trafficking in arterial myocytes, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated Rab proteins that control functional surface abundance of CaV1.2 channels in cerebral artery myocytes. Western blotting i...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - May 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Bannister, J. P., Bulley, S., Leo, M. D., Kidd, M. W., Jaggar, J. H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Local coupling of TRPC6 to ANO1/TMEM16A channels in smooth muscle cells amplifies vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries
Anoctamin-1 [ANO1, also known as transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A)] is a Ca2+-activated Cl– channel expressed in arterial myocytes that regulates membrane potential and contractility. Signaling mechanisms that control ANO1 activity in arterial myocytes are poorly understood. In cerebral artery myocytes, ANO1 channels are activated by local Ca2+ signals generated by plasma membrane nonselective cation channels, but the molecular identity of these proteins is unclear. Arterial myocytes express several different nonselective cation channels, including multiple members of the transient receptor potential receptor (TRP)...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 14, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang, Q., Leo, M. D., Narayanan, D., Kuruvilla, K. P., Jaggar, J. H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Molecular mechanisms of the angiogenic effects of low-energy shock wave therapy: roles of mechanotransduction
In this study, we thus examined the effects of SW irradiation on intracellular signaling pathways in vitro. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 800 shots of low-energy SW (1 Hz at an energy level of 0.03 mJ/mm2). The SW therapy significantly upregulated mRNA expression and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The SW therapy also enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and Akt. Furthermore, the SW therapy enhanced phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and the expression of HUTS-4 that re...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hatanaka, K., Ito, K., Shindo, T., Kagaya, Y., Ogata, T., Eguchi, K., Kurosawa, R., Shimokawa, H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Lysophosphatidic acid-induced vascular neointimal formation in mouse carotid arteries is mediated by the matricellular protein CCN1/Cyr61
Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is an essential step involved in neointimal formation in restenosis and atherosclerosis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and is produced by activated platelets, implying that LPA influences vascular remodeling. Our previous study revealed that matricellular protein CCN1, a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, mediates LPA-induced SMC migration in vitro. Here we examined the role of CCN1 in LPA-induced neointimal formation. By using LPA infusion of carotid artery in a mouse model, we demonstrated that LPA highly ind...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hao, F., Zhang, F., Wu, D. D., An, D., Shi, J., Li, G., Xu, X., Cui, M.-Z. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
NADPH oxidase-2 mediates zinc deficiency-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage
Zn2+ deficiency (ZnD) is comorbid with chronic kidney disease and worsens kidney complications. Oxidative stress is implicated in the detrimental effects of ZnD. However, the sources of oxidative stress continue to be identified. Since NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the primary enzymes that contribute to renal reactive oxygen species generation, this study's objective was to determine the role of these enzymes in ZnD-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesized that ZnD promotes NADPH oxidase upregulation, resulting in oxidative stress and kidney damage. To test this hypothesis, wild-type mice were pair-fed a ZnD or Zn2+-adequate d...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Li, M. S., Adesina, S. E., Ellis, C. L., Gooch, J. L., Hoover, R. S., Williams, C. R. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The plasma membrane metal-ion transporter ZIP14 contributes to nontransferrin-bound iron uptake by human {beta}-cells
The relationship between iron and β-cell dysfunction has long been recognized as individuals with iron overload display an increased incidence of diabetes. This link is usually attributed to the accumulation of excess iron in β-cells leading to cellular damage and impaired function. Yet, the molecular mechanism(s) by which human β-cells take up iron has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of the metal-ion transporters ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 and 8 (ZIP14 and ZIP8) and divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) to iron uptake by human β-cells. Iron was provided to the cel...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Coffey, R., Knutson, M. D. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
