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Source: AJP: Cell Physiology
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Total 49 results found since Jan 2013.
Integration of TRPC6 and NADPH oxidase activation in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced TRPC5 externalization
Lipid oxidation products, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), activate canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels, and the subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to TRPC5 activation. The goal of this study is to elucidate the steps in the pathway between TRPC6 activation and TRPC5 externalization. Following TRPC6 activation by lysoPC, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) is phosphorylated. This leads to phosphorylation of p47phox and subsequent NADPH oxidase activation with increased production of reactive oxygen species. ERK activation requires TRPC6 opening and influx of Ca2+ as evidenced ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - November 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Chaudhuri, P., Rosenbaum, M. A., Birnbaumer, L., Graham, L. M. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Acute myotube protein synthesis regulation by IL-6-related cytokines
IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), members of the IL-6 family of cytokines, play recognized paradoxical roles in skeletal muscle mass regulation, being associated with both growth and atrophy. Overload or muscle contractions can induce a transient increase in muscle IL-6 and LIF expression, which has a regulatory role in muscle hypertrophy. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in this regulation have not been completely identified. The induction of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent myofiber protein synthesis is an established regulator of muscle hypertrophy, but the involvement of the ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - November 1, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Gao, S., Durstine, J. L., Koh, H.-J., Carver, W. E., Frizzell, N., Carson, J. A. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Involvement of connexin 43 phosphorylation and gap junctional communication between smooth muscle cells in vasopressin-induced ROCK-dependent vasoconstriction after hemorrhagic shock
In conclusion, AVP-mediated vascular contractile effects are endothelium and myoendothelial gap junction independent. Gap junctions between VSMCs, gap junctional communication, and Cx43 phosphorylation at Ser262 play important roles in the vascular effects of AVP. RhoA/ROCK, but not PKC, is involved in this process.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - October 1, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang, G., Peng, X., Wu, Y., Li, T., Liu, L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Myoendothelial gap junctions mediate regulation of angiopoietin-2-induced vascular hyporeactivity after hypoxia through connexin 43-gated cAMP transfer
Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) contributes to vascular hyporeactivity after hemorrhagic shock and hypoxia through upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a vascular endothelial cell (VEC)-specific and Ang-2/Tie2 receptor-dependent manner. While iNOS is primarily expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the mechanisms of signal transfer from VECs to VSMCs are unknown. A double-sided coculture model with VECs and VSMCs from Sprague-Dawley rats was used to investigate the role of myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs), the connexin (Cx) isoforms involved, and other relevant mechanisms. After hypoxia, VSMCs t...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - September 1, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu, J., Yang, G., Li, T., Liu, L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Balance between S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation modulates myoblast proliferation independently of soluble guanylyl cyclase activation
Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to myogenesis by regulating the transition between myoblast proliferation and fusion through cGMP signaling. NO can form S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), which control signaling pathways in many different cell types. However, neither the role of RSNO content nor its regulation by the denitrosylase activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) during myogenesis is understood. Here, we used primary cultures of chick embryonic skeletal muscle cells to investigate whether changes in intracellular RSNO alter proliferation and fusion of myoblasts in the presence and absence of cGMP. Cultures were grown ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 1, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Yamashita, A. M. S., Ancillotti, M. T. C., Rangel, L. P., Fontenele, M., Figueiredo-Freitas, C., Possidonio, A. C., Soares, C. P., Sorenson, M. M., Mermelstein, C., Nogueira, L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
ROS-induced ROS release orchestrated by Nox4, Nox2, and mitochondria in VEGF signaling and angiogenesis
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria play a critical role in growth factor-induced switch from a quiescent to an angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells (ECs). However, how highly diffusible ROS produced from different sources can coordinate to stimulate VEGF signaling and drive the angiogenic process remains unknown. Using the cytosol- and mitochondria-targeted redox-sensitive RoGFP biosensors with real-time imaging, here we show that VEGF stimulation in human ECs rapidly increases cytosolic RoGFP oxidation within 1 min, followed by mitochondrial RoGFP oxidation within 5 min, w...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Kim, Y.-M., Kim, S.-J., Tatsunami, R., Yamamura, H., Fukai, T., Ushio-Fukai, M. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The unfolded protein response in relation to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells
Mitochondria comprise both nuclear and mitochondrially encoded proteins requiring precise stoichiometry for their integration into functional complexes. The augmented protein synthesis associated with mitochondrial biogenesis results in the accumulation of unfolded proteins, thus triggering cellular stress. As such, the unfolded protein responses emanating from the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) or the mitochondrion (UPRMT) are triggered to ensure correct protein handling. Whether this response is necessary for mitochondrial adaptations is unknown. Two models of mitochondrial biogenesis were used: muscle differentiation and...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - May 3, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Mesbah Moosavi, Z. S., Hood, D. A. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Canstatin stimulates migration of rat cardiac fibroblasts via secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2
In conclusion, this study revealed a novel function of canstatin for inducing cell migration of adult rat cardiac fibroblasts at least in part by ERK phosphorylation through MMP-2 secretion, possibly via actin cytoskeletal change.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 28, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Okada, M., Murata, N., Yamawaki, H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The plasma membrane metal-ion transporter ZIP14 contributes to nontransferrin-bound iron uptake by human {beta}-cells
The relationship between iron and β-cell dysfunction has long been recognized as individuals with iron overload display an increased incidence of diabetes. This link is usually attributed to the accumulation of excess iron in β-cells leading to cellular damage and impaired function. Yet, the molecular mechanism(s) by which human β-cells take up iron has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of the metal-ion transporters ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 and 8 (ZIP14 and ZIP8) and divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) to iron uptake by human β-cells. Iron was provided to the cel...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Coffey, R., Knutson, M. D. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
NADPH oxidase-2 mediates zinc deficiency-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage
Zn2+ deficiency (ZnD) is comorbid with chronic kidney disease and worsens kidney complications. Oxidative stress is implicated in the detrimental effects of ZnD. However, the sources of oxidative stress continue to be identified. Since NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the primary enzymes that contribute to renal reactive oxygen species generation, this study's objective was to determine the role of these enzymes in ZnD-induced oxidative stress. We hypothesized that ZnD promotes NADPH oxidase upregulation, resulting in oxidative stress and kidney damage. To test this hypothesis, wild-type mice were pair-fed a ZnD or Zn2+-adequate d...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Li, M. S., Adesina, S. E., Ellis, C. L., Gooch, J. L., Hoover, R. S., Williams, C. R. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Lysophosphatidic acid-induced vascular neointimal formation in mouse carotid arteries is mediated by the matricellular protein CCN1/Cyr61
Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is an essential step involved in neointimal formation in restenosis and atherosclerosis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and is produced by activated platelets, implying that LPA influences vascular remodeling. Our previous study revealed that matricellular protein CCN1, a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, mediates LPA-induced SMC migration in vitro. Here we examined the role of CCN1 in LPA-induced neointimal formation. By using LPA infusion of carotid artery in a mouse model, we demonstrated that LPA highly ind...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hao, F., Zhang, F., Wu, D. D., An, D., Shi, J., Li, G., Xu, X., Cui, M.-Z. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
High potassium promotes mutual interaction between (pro)renin receptor and the local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in rat inner medullary collecting duct cells
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is predominantly expressed in the collecting duct (CD) with unclear functional implication. It is not known whether CD PRR is regulated by high potassium (HK). Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of HK on PRR expression and its role in regulation of aldosterone synthesis and release in the CD. In primary rat inner medullary CD cells, HK augmented PRR expression and soluble PPR (sPRR) release in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was attenuated by PRR small interfering RNA (siRNA), eplerenone, and losartan. HK upregulated aldosterone release in parallel with an increase of CYP11B2 (cytoc...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - October 9, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu, C., Fang, H., Zhou, L., Lu, A., Yang, T. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Molecular mechanisms of the angiogenic effects of low-energy shock wave therapy: roles of mechanotransduction
In this study, we thus examined the effects of SW irradiation on intracellular signaling pathways in vitro. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 800 shots of low-energy SW (1 Hz at an energy level of 0.03 mJ/mm2). The SW therapy significantly upregulated mRNA expression and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The SW therapy also enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and Akt. Furthermore, the SW therapy enhanced phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and the expression of HUTS-4 that re...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hatanaka, K., Ito, K., Shindo, T., Kagaya, Y., Ogata, T., Eguchi, K., Kurosawa, R., Shimokawa, H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Caveolin-1 regulates corneal wound healing by modulating Kir4.1 activity
The expression of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in corneal epithelium is associated with regeneration potency. We used Cav1–/– mice to study the role of Cav1 in modulating corneal wound healing. Western blot and whole cell patch clamp were employed to study the effect of Cav1 deletion on Kir4.1 current density in corneas. We found that Ba2+-sensitive K+ currents in primary cultured murine corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) from Cav1–/– were dramatically reduced (602 pA) compared with those from wild type (WT; 1,300 pA). As a consequence, membrane potential was elevated in pMCE from Cav1–/– compared wit...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 14, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, C., Su, X., Bellner, L., Lin, D.-H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Local coupling of TRPC6 to ANO1/TMEM16A channels in smooth muscle cells amplifies vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries
Anoctamin-1 [ANO1, also known as transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A)] is a Ca2+-activated Cl– channel expressed in arterial myocytes that regulates membrane potential and contractility. Signaling mechanisms that control ANO1 activity in arterial myocytes are poorly understood. In cerebral artery myocytes, ANO1 channels are activated by local Ca2+ signals generated by plasma membrane nonselective cation channels, but the molecular identity of these proteins is unclear. Arterial myocytes express several different nonselective cation channels, including multiple members of the transient receptor potential receptor (TRP)...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 14, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang, Q., Leo, M. D., Narayanan, D., Kuruvilla, K. P., Jaggar, J. H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
