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Source: AJP: Cell Physiology
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Total 49 results found since Jan 2013.
Specific inhibition of HDAC4 in cardiac progenitor cells enhances myocardial repairs
We have recently shown that in vivo inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) stimulates endogenous myocardial regeneration in infarcted hearts (Zhang L et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 341: 285–293, 2012). Furthermore, our observation demonstrates that HDAC inhibition promotes cardiogenesis, which is associated with HDAC4 reduction. However, it remains unknown as to whether specific inhibition of HDAC4 modulates cardiac stem cells (CSCs) to facilitate myocardial repair and to preserve cardiac performance. c-kit+ CSCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and were transfected with HDAC4 siRNA to knockdown HDAC4 of c-kit+ C...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, L. X., DeNicola, M., Qin, X., Du, J., Ma, J., Tina Zhao, Y., Zhuang, S., Liu, P. Y., Wei, L., Qin, G., Tang, Y., Zhao, T. C. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Flow shear stress enhances intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
In conclusion, upregulated mechanosensitive channels (e.g., TRPM7, TRPV4, TRPC6) contribute to the enhanced [Ca2+]cyt increase induced by shear stress in PASMC from IPAH patients. Blockade of the mechanosensitive cation channels may represent a novel therapeutic approach for relieving elevated [Ca2+]cyt in PASMC and thereby inhibiting sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with IPAH.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Song, S., Yamamura, A., Yamamura, H., Ayon, R. J., Smith, K. A., Tang, H., Makino, A., Yuan, J. X.- J. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Mucin 3 is involved in intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone-induced suppression of Akt phosphorylation
In conclusion, 3-oxo-C12-HSL might influence the survival of undifferentiated intestinal epithelial cells as well as interactions between these cells and pathogens.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Taguchi, R., Tanaka, S., Joe, G.-H., Maseda, H., Nomura, N., Ohnishi, J., Ishizuka, S., Shimizu, H., Miyazaki, H. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
The PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates HMGB1-induced cell proliferation by regulating the NF-{kappa}B/cyclin D1 pathway in mouse mesangial cells
Our previous experiment confirmed that high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) was involved in the pathogenesis of Lupus nephritis (LN) by upregulating the proliferation of the mouse mesangial cell line (MMC) through the cyclin D1/CDK4/p16 system, but the precise mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we demonstrated that HMGB1 induced the proliferation of MMC cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, downregulated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) expression, increased the level of Akt serine 473 phosphorylation, and induced p65 subunit nuclear t...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Feng, X.-J., Liu, S.-X., Wu, C., Kang, P.-P., Liu, Q.-J., Hao, J., Li, H.-B., Li, F., Zhang, Y.-J., Fu, X.-H., Zhang, S.-B., Zuo, L.-F. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Tobacco smoke induces epithelial barrier dysfunction via receptor EphA2 signaling
Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that mediate various cellular and developmental processes. The degrees of expression of these key molecules control the cell-cell interactions. Although the role of Eph receptors and their ligand Ephrins is well studied in developmental processes, their function in tobacco smoke (TS)-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction is unknown. We hypothesized that TS may induce permeability in bronchial airway epithelial cell (BAEpC) monolayer by modulating receptor EphA2 expression, actin cytoskeleton, ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Nasreen, N., Khodayari, N., Sriram, P. S., Patel, J., Mohammed, K. A. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
P2Y2 receptors regulate osteoblast mechanosensitivity during fluid flow
Mechanical stimulation of osteoblasts activates many cellular mechanisms including the release of ATP. Binding of ATP to purinergic receptors is key to load-induced osteogenesis. Osteoblasts also respond to fluid shear stress (FSS) with increased actin stress fiber formation (ASFF) that we postulate is in response to activation of the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R). Furthermore, we predict that ASFF increases cell stiffness and reduces the sensitivity to further mechanical stimulation. We found that small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppression of P2Y2R attenuated ASFF in response to FSS and ATP treatment. In addition, RhoA GTPase was ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 1, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Gardinier, J., Yang, W., Madden, G. R., Kronbergs, A., Gangadharan, V., Adams, E., Czymmek, K., Duncan, R. L. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on canonical transient receptor potential expression in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle
In this study, we demonstrated that chronic CS exposure led to rat weight loss, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial remodeling. A fluorescence microscope was used to measure intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in rat distal PASMCs. Results showed that basal [Ca2+]i and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) levels in PASMCs from 3- and 6-mo CS-exposed rats were markedly higher than those in cells from the unexposed control animals (the increases in 6-mo CS group were more significant than that in 3-mo group), accompanied with increased canonical transient receptor potential 1 (TRPC1) and TRPC6 expr...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang, J., Chen, Y., Lin, C., Jia, J., Tian, L., Yang, K., Zhao, L., Lai, N., Jiang, Q., Sun, Y., Zhong, N., Ran, P., Lu, W. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Tanshinone IIA inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced MUC1 overexpression in alveolar epithelial cells
In this study, we investigated the effects of TIIA on LPS-induced acute lung inflammation, as well as its relationship to Muc1 expression in mouse lung and MUC1 in human alveolar epithelial cells. TIIA pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation in both Muc1 wild-type (Muc1+/+) and knockout (Muc1–/–) mice, as manifested by reduced neutrophil infiltration and reduced TNF-α and keratinocyte chemoattractant levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The inhibitory effects of TIIA on airway inflammation were associated with reduced expression of Muc1 in Muc1+/+ mouse lung. Moreover, p...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - January 1, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, K., Wang, J., Jiang, H., Xu, X., Wang, S., Zhang, C., Li, Z., Gong, X., Lu, W. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Requirement for active glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} in TGF-{beta}1 upregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) levels in human gingival fibroblasts
Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) mediates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced fibrosis. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is tissue specific. Here the role of the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in mediating TGF-β1-stimulated CCN2/CTGF expression in primary human adult gingival fibroblasts and human adult lung fibroblasts was compared. Data indicate that PI3K inhibitors attenuate upregulation of TGF-β1-induced CCN2/CTGF expression in human gingival fibroblasts independent of reducing JNK MAP kinase activation. Pharmacologic inhibitors and small interfering (si)RNA-mediated kno...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - September 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Bahammam, M., Black, S. A., Sume, S. S., Assaggaf, M. A., Faibish, M., Trackman, P. C. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
IQGAP1 links PDGF receptor-{beta} signal to focal adhesions involved in vascular smooth muscle cell migration: role in neointimal formation after vascular injury
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and neointimal formation in response to injury. We previously identified IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as a novel VEGF receptor 2 binding scaffold protein involved in endothelial migration. However, its role in VSMC migration and neointimal formation in vivo is unknown. Here we show that PDGF stimulation rapidly promotes IQGAP1 association with PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR) as well as IQGAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cultured VSMC. Overexpression or knockdown of IQGAP1 enhances or inhibits PDGFR autophosphorylati...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - September 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Kohno, T., Urao, N., Ashino, T., Sudhahar, V., Inomata, H., Yamaoka-Tojo, M., McKinney, R. D., Fukai, T., Ushio-Fukai, M. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Differential regulation of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptor signaling in gastrointestinal smooth muscle by caveolin-1
Caveolae act as scaffolding proteins for several G protein-coupled receptor signaling molecules to regulate their activity. Caveolin-1, the predominant isoform in smooth muscle, drives the formation of caveolae. The precise role of caveolin-1 and caveolae as scaffolds for G protein-coupled receptor signaling and contraction in gastrointestinal muscle is unclear. Thus the aim of this study was to examine the role of caveolin-1 in the regulation of Gq- and Gi-coupled receptor signaling. RT-PCR, Western blot, and radioligand-binding studies demonstrated the selective expression of M2 and M3 receptors in gastric smooth muscle ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Bhattacharya, S., Mahavadi, S., Al-Shboul, O., Rajagopal, S., Grider, J. R., Murthy, K. S. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
COMMD1 interacts with the COOH terminus of NKCC1 in Calu-3 airway epithelial cells to modulate NKCC1 ubiquitination
Mice deficient in Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) have been generated by targeted disruption of the gene encoding NKCC1 involving the carboxy terminus (CT-NKCC1) but not the amino terminus. We hypothesize that the resulting physiological defects are due to loss of proteins interacting with CT-NKCC1. Using a yeast two-hybrid approach, adaptor protein COMMD1 was found to bind to CT-NKCC1 (aa 1,040–1,212). Binding was verified in a yeast-independent system using GST-COMMD1 and myc-CT-NKCC1. Truncated COMMD1 and CT-NKCC1 peptides were used in binding assays to identify the site of interaction. The results demonstrate conc...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Smith, L., Litman, P., Liedtke, C. M. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Inversin modulates the cortical actin network during mitosis
Mutations in inversin cause nephronophthisis type II, an autosomal recessive form of polycystic kidney disease associated with situs inversus, dilatation, and kidney cyst formation. Since cyst formation may represent a planar polarity defect, we investigated whether inversin plays a role in cell division. In developing nephrons from inv–/– mouse embryos we observed heterogeneity of nuclear size, increased cell membrane perimeters, cells with double cilia, and increased frequency of binuclear cells. Depletion of inversin by siRNA in cultured mammalian cells leads to an increase in bi- or multinucleated cells. Wh...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - July 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Werner, M. E., Ward, H. H., Phillips, C. L., Miller, C., Gattone, V. H., Bacallao, R. L. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Downregulation of core clock gene Bmal1 attenuates expression of progesterone and prostaglandin biosynthesis-related genes in rat luteinizing granulosa cells
Ovarian circadian oscillators have been implicated in the reproductive processes of mammals. However, there are few reports regarding the detection of ovarian clock-controlled genes (CCGs). The present study was designed to unravel the mechanisms through which CCG ovarian circadian oscillators regulate fertility, primarily using quantitative RT-PCR and RNA interference against Bmal1 in rat granulosa cells. Mature granulosa cells were prepared from mouse Per2-destabilized luciferase (dLuc) reporter gene transgenic rats. A real-time monitoring system of Per2 promoter activity was employed to detect Per2-dLuc oscillations. Th...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen, H., Zhao, L., Kumazawa, M., Yamauchi, N., Shigeyoshi, Y., Hashimoto, S., Hattori, M.-a. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Myostatin-induced inhibition of the long noncoding RNA Malat1 is associated with decreased myogenesis
Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of secreted proteins, is a potent negative regulator of myogenesis. Free myostatin induces the phosphorylation of the Smad family of transcription factors, which, in turn, regulates gene expression, via the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway. There is, however, emerging evidence that myostatin can regulate gene expression independent of Smad signaling. As such, we acquired global gene expression data from the gastrocnemius muscle of C57BL/6 mice following a 6-day treatment with recombinant myostatin compared with vehicle-treated anima...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - May 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Watts, R., Johnsen, V. L., Shearer, J., Hittel, D. S. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
