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Total 151 results found since Jan 2013.
Abstract A58: Expression and function of endothelin converting enzyme 1 and endothelin receptors in breast cancer invasion
The endothelin axis, comprised of the active peptides endothelin 1-3 (ET1-3), the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) and endothelin B receptor (ETBR), and endothelin converting enzyme 1 (ECE1) has been studied in numerous cancers. In clinical samples of breast cancer, increased levels of ET1, ECE1, and the endothelin receptors have been reported, and several studies correlate expression of these proteins with poor prognosis. The endothelin pathway is known to induce mitogen activated protein kinase activation, leading to increased survival, proliferation, and migration, but the precise role of ECE1 and the endothelin receptors i...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Belles, M. E., Halaka, M., Do, J. M., Majmudar, P., Sidani, R., Stephen, H., Watson, M., Conway, R. E. Tags: Other Topics: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract A68: Penfluridol suppresses triple-negative breast cancer metastasis to brain by inhibiting integrin signaling
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in US. Breast tumor metastasis to brain is major cause of deaths. Brain metastasis of triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) is highly resistant to current therapies and is a cause of reduced survival rates in patients. In current study, we evaluated penfluridol, a first generation, highly potent antipsychotic drug against three different highly aggressive TNBC cell line. The IC50 of penfluridol was around 6 µM in 4T1, MDA-MB-231 and HCC-1806, breast cancer cells respectively. Our result showed that the expression of integrinβ4, integrin&alph...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ranjan, A., Gupta, P., Srivastava, S. K. Tags: Other Topics: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract PR10: The chromatin remodeler CHD4 as a potential specific target for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma therapy
Fusion-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) is a paediatric tumour driven by an oncogenic fusion transcription factor, PAX3-FOXO1. Conventional chemotherapy is only effective for low risk patients which carry no metastasis, achieving a 5-year overall survival of 65%. The unique presence of this fusion protein in FP-RMS as well as the tumour cell survival dependency on PAX3-FOXO1 make this transcription factor a promising target for therapy. However, due to the difficulties associated with drug development targeting transcription factors, we performed a combined proteomic and genetic screen to identify new druggable ...
Source: Cancer Research - April 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Marques, J., Boehm, M., Wachtel, M., Schaefer, B. Tags: Epigenetics Source Type: research
Abstract A18: Epigenetic profiling uncovers the suppressive role of caveolae in Ewing sarcoma
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common bone tumor in childhood. ES harbors a characteristic gene translocation that gives rise to a fusion protein, most commonly EWS/FLI1 (EF). Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a direct target of EF, it is overexpressed in ES and has an oncogenic role. CAV1 and the Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) interact at the plasma membrane and are essential for caveolae formation. The methylome analysis of ES samples and cell lines revealed a hypermethylation in the N-shore islands of the PTRF promoter compared to normal cells. We hypothesize that, as ES cells have very few caveolae and do ...
Source: Cancer Research - April 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Huertas–Martinez, J., Court, F., Rello–Varona, S., Martin, D. H., Almacellas, O., Sainz–Jaspeado, M., Garcia–Monclus, S., Lagares–Tena, L., Buȷ, R., Hontecillas–Prieto, L., Mateo–Lozano, S., Sastre, A., Azo Tags: Epigenetics Source Type: research
Abstract B03: PVT1 exon 9 is a potential non-invasive biomarker that regulates apoptosis and the cell cycle in aggressive prostate cancer in black males
Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men in the U.S. Black males have a higher incidence of PCA, compared to White males. In fact, Black race is a confirmed, non-modifiable risk factor for PCA with a 2.5 fold greater risk of lethal PCA compared to Caucasian males. Discovery of effective early detection strategies are necessary to address the profound health disparity. The chromosomal region 8q24 is associated with aggressive PCA in Black men and variants of this region have been identified to interact with the PVT1 non-protein coding gene in PCA. ...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - April 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ilboudo, A., Das, D., Ogunwobi, O. O. Tags: Biomarkers in Cancer Surveillance and Screening: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract B24: Regulation of DARC isoforms among ancestry groups and associations with aggressive breast cancer subtypes
Biological mechanisms that drive disparate incidences of aggressive breast cancer in women of African descent are still largely unknown. Despite the fact that White women are more often diagnosed with breast cancer, African-American women have more severe cases and more often die from their breast cancer. Certain clues surrounding the tumor behavior and aggressive nature of cancers in African Americans point to physiological contexts, perhaps even the immunological microenvironment of the cancer sites. We hypothesize that higher mortality rates, coupled with lower incidence of breast cancer in this population, compared to ...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - April 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Vollum, K., Hutchins, R., Brown, A. M., Perez, C., Davis, M. B. Tags: Cancer Genetics/Gene Expression: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract C54: High caveolin-1 expression in a cohort of African American women with triple-negative breast cancer
In this study, gene expression profiling, using the Almac BC DSA Research Tool, was performed on archived FFPE samples, obtained from CA and AA women diagnosed with early stage (Node 0) TNBC. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed a pattern of differential gene expression in the AA cohort compared to CA. Using the TNBC type: A Subtyping Tool for TNBC, we found a distinct distribution pattern of TNBC molecular subtypes in the AA cohort, which was very different than the CA cohort; Basal-like (14%), Immunomodulatory (43%) and Mesenchymal (43%). Gene expression analyses, comparing the AA and CA cohort (fold change >...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - April 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Getz, J. E., Teoh, D. B., Nasser, S., Legendre, C. R., Tembe, W., Yellapantula, V., Ahearn, M. E., Gomez, C. R., Jorda, M., Wong, S. M., Pegram, M. D., Carpten, J. D., Baumbach-Reardon, L. L. Tags: Breast Cancer: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract B29: Snail regulates extracellular matrix-mediated VEGFR3 expression in developmental and tumor angiogenesis
Snail family is a zinc finger transcription factor and involved in epithelial branching morphogenesis and EMT by altering the ability of polarity, motility, and adhesion. The expression of Snail family in developing and tumor vessels has been suggested, however, the precise expression pattern and cellular function of Snail remain to be unclear. We identified Snail as an angiogenic regulator through inducing VEGFR3 under extracellular matrix (ECM)-meditated signalings. Snail was upregulated in the postnatally developing retinal endothelial cells (ECs) and in the vessels lining ductal breast tumors. In vitro endothelial spro...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - May 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Park, J. A., Lee, H.-Y., Kwon, Y.-G. Tags: Other Topics: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract B22: Loss of LncRNA XIST induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer
Brain is one of the major sites of metastasis of breast cancer, and approximately 20% of patients with aggressive breast cancer eventually develop the metastatic disease in the brain. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have recently drawn much attention due to their wide functional variations and potential roles in tumor progression. By performing lncRNA array analysis comparing non-metastatic primary tumors with brain metastatic tumors from breast cancer patients, we identified that lncRNA XIST expression was significantly down-regulated in brain metastatic tumors. The result of Taqman PCR validated the results in tumor sample...
Source: Cancer Research - May 25, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liu, Y., Xing, F., Wu, K., Sharma, S., Watabe, K. Tags: Genetics and Evolution of Metastatic Tumors Source Type: research
Abstract B36: Rab25 aggravates cancer cell invasion through Snail expression
Conclusion: Our results show for the first time that Snail mediates Rab25-induced cancer cell EMT and invasiveness through a beta1 integrin /Akt/GSK-3beta signaling cascade, providing novel biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets for deadly cancers.Citation Format: Bo Young Jeong, Kyung Hwa Cho, Seung Hwa Kim, Yu Na Kim, Chang Gyo Park, Hoi Young Lee. Rab25 aggravates cancer cell invasion through Snail expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B36.
Source: Cancer Research - May 25, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jeong, B. Y., Cho, K. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. N., Park, C. G., Lee, H. Y. Tags: Metastatic Cell Plasticity Source Type: research
Abstract B05: N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 is a novel regulator of lipid metabolism and ubiquitin-proteasome system in cancer
Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that NDRG2 is a critical regulator of lipid metabolism and proteasome activity. NDRG2 inhibits the proteasome activity probably by interacting with Nrf1 and promoting its downregulation.Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.Citation Format: Libo Yao, Xia Li, Xiping Liu, Yi Ru, Mei Zhang. N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 is a novel regulator of lipid metabolism and ubiquitin-proteasome system in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadel...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yao, L., Li, X., Liu, X., Ru, Y., Zhang, M. Tags: Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment Source Type: research
Abstract B21: Exostosin 1 regulates cancer cell stemness in breast cancer cells
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a group of cancer cells, are associated with resistance to radiation and chemotherapy and are implicated in recurrent of cancer. Exostosin 1 (EXT1) gene is widely reported as tumor suppressor and its indispensable role in elongation of heparan sulfate (HS) can speculate probable role as tumor promotor. In recent years, a number of tumors are reported to over express EXT1. Here, we investigated the role of EXT1 in the maintenance of cancer cell stemness. MCF7/ADR cells developed by exposing MCF7, breast cancer cells, to doxorubicin for several months in culture, showed high resistance to doxorubici...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Manandhar, S., Kim, C.-g., Oh, S. Y., Lee, S.-H., Seok, J., Jung, Y.-D., Lee, H.-E., Choi, Y.-S., Lee, Y. M. Tags: Therapeutic Targeting Tumor Microenvironment Source Type: research
Abstract C42: DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) is a key regulator of TGF{beta}-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent in the tumor microenvironment and they fuel tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. CAFs are identified by smooth muscle actin and type collagen 1 expression, they promote intratumoral desmoplasia and fibrosis, and they are derived from multiple cellular precursors including tumor endothelial cells (TECs) through a TGFβ-regulated process termed endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Recently, we uncovered two distinct TEC populations: TGFβ-responders that undergo rapid EndMT accompanied by CAF marker up-regulation in response to TGFβ and TGFβ non-resp...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xiao, L., Dudley, A. C. Tags: Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity Source Type: research
Cytoprotective alpha crystallins in the regulation of RPE cell proteostasis
SummaryAlphaB‐Crystallin (αBC) is an ubiquitous protein with dual function as a molecular chaperone to preserve proteostasis and as an anti‐apoptotic agent. We studied the regulatory role of αBC in murine models of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and subretinal fibrosis (SF). αBC KO attenuated retinal NV in OIR as compared to WT. In the laser model, CNV lesion size was significantly reduced in αBC KO vs. WT mice. VEGF increased 8 fold in WT vs. αBC KO on day 3 and 7 post‐laser and VEGF secretion was lower in αBC KO vs. WT. Increased mono (tetra)‐ubiquitin...
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: R. Kannan Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research
Is glutamate dehydrogenase in astrocytes one of the keys to control brain glutamate homeostasis?
SummaryBrain glutamate concentration needs to be balanced to avoid excitoxicity. Following glutamatergic neurotransmission astrocytes are responsible for clearance of the synaptic cleft via glutamate transporters. In the astrocyte the conversion of glutamate to glutamine is an essential part of the glutamate‐glutamine cycle. But, a substantial amount of glutamate is oxidatively metabolized in the mitochondria, which to a large extent may be dependent on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Thus, astrocytes are likely the main regulator of the brain glutamate concentration, but how do they do it? We have investigated the role o...
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: H. Waagepetersen Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research
