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Total 151 results found since Jan 2013.

Abstract C138: Targeting macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer
In this study, we investigated the effects of knockdown of these three genes on the macropinocytic activity of pancreatic cancer cells. The goal of this study is to assess whether PAK1, ARF6, or SNX5 may serve as potential targets for the suppression of macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer, which would hamper the cells' uptake of nutrients thus starving the cancer cells and hindering tumor growth. We carried out this study using MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells, which are known to exhibit relatively high levels of macropinocytosis. Treatment of cells with siRNA sequences specific to the three genes resulted in a signifi...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hunt, J., Ng, S., Whatcott, C., Von Hoff, D. D., Han, H. Tags: New Molecular Targets: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract PR01: Role of mitochondrial folate transporter in metabolism of tumor cells
The objective of the present study is to identify modulators of cellular metabolism among transportome genes which could potentially be exploited as targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Indeed cancer cells have the ability to adapt in order to survive stressful environment where oxygen and nutrients are limited due to the poor vasculature and outgrowth of stromal component. Thus, disrupting mechanisms of metabolic adaptation could inhibit tumor proliferation or sensitize tumor cells to treatment. Ion channels and transporters provide the link between cancer cells, stroma and matrix. Additionally these protei...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - January 15, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kovalenko, I., Schockel, L., Glasauer, A., Haegebarth, A., Christian, S. Tags: Therapeutic Targets From Cancer: Oral Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract IA06: Spatial systems biology of cancer
International efforts have now defined the genomic landscapes of most major human cancer types. The genomic landscape of breast cancer is particularly well described in several recent publications. The high level view of this disease suggests a remarkable level of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, the presence of a few recurrent and many rare genomic aberrations and substantial genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity. The challenge now is to understand how these aberrations and tumor extrinsic influences from the microenvironment collaborate to deregulate aspects of cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repa...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gray, J. Tags: Genomics - Sporadic and Hereditary: Oral Presentations - Invited Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract B02: miR-1207-3p as a potential prostate cancer biomarker in Black males
In conclusion, we have discovered a novel miR-1207-3p-dependent FNDC1/FN1/AR molecular pathway that regulates proliferation of PCA cells derived from Black males. Consequently, miR-1207-3p may be a biomarker in PCA with potential clinical applications in Black males.Citation Format: Dibash Kumar Das, Adeodat Ilboudo, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi. miR-1207-3p as a potential prostate cancer biomarker in Black males. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Ep...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - April 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Das, D. K., Ilboudo, A., Ogunwobi, O. O. Tags: Biomarkers in Cancer Surveillance and Screening: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract PR07: Dissection of cancer cells extravasation through human vascularized 3D microfluidic model: The major role of talin-1
Cancer cells spread from a primary tumor to secondary loci is responsible for more than 90% of cancer related mortality. Hematogenous metastasis is a complex process [1]. It includes a chain of events that can be summarized as follows: migration from primary tumor site and intravasation of the primary tumor cancer cells into the blood flow, dissemination through the circulation, extravasation in different organs, survival in the new microenvironment and colonization with generation of a new tumor.Recently our group presented a microfluidic 3D model reproducing the effects of the CXCL5-CXCR2 interaction between bone cells a...
Source: Cancer Research - May 25, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gilardi, M., Bersini, S., Kamm, R. D., Moretti, M., Vanoni, M. Tags: Circulating Evidence of Tumor Metastasis Source Type: research

Abstract C05: Pulmonary laminin 332 in tumor cell migration and breast cancer survival
Metastasis to the lung often leads to the demise of the patient, thus a greater understanding of the process might lead to strategies for better cancer control. Tumor cell metastatic ability is determined by both intrinsic properties of tumor cells and contributions from the microenvironment. The goal of this study was to determine the role of the extracellular matrix protein laminin 332 (LN332) in breast cancer progression. Because tumor cell motility is a requirement for metastasis, we hypothesize that lung tissue harbors substances that induce tumor cell migration. In order to better characterize the interaction of brea...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Carpenter, P. M., Sivadas, P., Ziogas, A., Anton-Culver, H. Tags: Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Source Type: research

Regulating gene expression towards solving ocular surface diseases
SummaryTreatment of genetic eye disease poses significant medical and surgical challenges. We used a bioluminescent corneal reporter gene mouse model to assess efficacy and potency of a number of gene therapy approaches for corneal dystrophy. Various modalities were assessed for delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting one of five mutant alleles present in the corneal bioluminescent mouse model enabling assessment of topical, subconjunctival and intrastromal delivery. Potent and sustained in vivo gene silencing >50% for up to 7 days was observed. This siRNA therapy only provides a transient silencing of the ...
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: T. Moore, S. Atkinson, E. Maurizi, D. Schiroli, L. Mairs, K. Christie, I. McLean, E. Allen, D.L. Pedrioli, J. Moore, A. Nesbit Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research

Abstract A41: GPRC5A acts as a potent oncogene in pancreatic cancer
Conclusions: Our results indicate that GPRC5A acts as an oncogene in pancreatic cancer. Unexpectedly, gemcitabine was found to increase GPRC5A's mRNA and protein levels. We showed that this increase is mediated by HuR, a known enabler of gemcitabine efficacy, through a direct interaction between HuR and GPRC5A’s mRNA. It appears that the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine can be augmented through down-regulation of GPRC5A.Citation Format: Honglei Zhou, Aristeidis Telonis, Yi Jing, Masaya Jimbo, Fernando Blanco, Eric Londin, Jonathan Brody, Isidore Rigoutsos.{Authors}. GPRC5A acts as a potent oncogene i...
Source: Cancer Research - December 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Honglei Zhou, Aristeidis Telonis, Yi Jing, Masaya Jimbo, Fernando Blanco, Eric Londin, Jonathan Brody, Isidore Rigoutsos Tags: Early Detection Source Type: research

Abstract B57: RNAi Nanotechnology for Cancer Target Validation and Therapy
RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising strategy for identification and validation of putative therapeutic targets, and for treatment of a myriad of important human diseases including cancer. The ubiquitous application of RNAi in cancer research and therapy is nevertheless hindered by the challenge of effective systemic in vivo delivery of RNAi agents (e.g., siRNA) to solid tumors, which requires overcoming of multiple physiological barriers, such as enzymatic degradation, rapid elimination by renal excretion or by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), poor tumor penetration, and insufficient cellular uptake and e...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jinjun Shi Tags: Tumor Immunology/Immunotherapy Source Type: research

Merck Provides Update on Accelerated Strategic Actions for Growth at 32nd Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference
Dateline City: WHITEHOUSE STATION, N.J. Initiates rolling submission of U.S. Biologics License Application (BLA) for MK-3475, the company’s anti-PD-1 immunotherapy; expects to complete application in first half of 2014. Prepares for 2014 regulatory actions for V503, vintafolide (EU), vorapaxar, NOXAFIL IV, vaniprevir (Japan) and AIT-Grass and AIT-Ragweed; anticipates filing odanacatib, suvorexant. Evaluates the role of Merck’s Animal Health and Consumer Care businesses in the company’s strategy for long-term value creation;...
Source: Merck.com - Corporate News - January 13, 2014 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Corporate News Latest News Source Type: news

Abstract PR02: Negative regulation of myogenesis by Mtor: A pathway toward differentiation therapy in rhabdomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, is composed of skeletal myoblast-like cells that have lost the capacity to terminally differentiate. This suggests that RMS cells may contain a factor that blocks normal muscle differentiation. Because cell cycle arrest is coupled to muscle differentiation, identifying putative negative regulators of differentiation could lead to novel therapeutic approaches aimed at fostering terminal differentiation. To gain insight into the events that normally trigger the initial phase of muscle differentiation, we carried out a high content cell-based screen usin...
Source: Cancer Research - October 9, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wilson, R. A., Liu, J., Xu, L., Zheng, Y., Skapek, S. X. Tags: Developmental Biology of Pediatric Malignancies Source Type: research

Abstract A10: Functional characterization of Ewing's sarcoma susceptibility loci
Conclusions: In synopsis, our data indicate that the previously identified ES susceptibility regions and candidate genes may play a prominent role in ES pathobiology. Citation Format: Thomas Grunewald, Marie-Ming Aynaud, Franck Tirode, Eleni Tomazou, Didier Surdez, Thomas Rio Frio, Virginie Bernard, Virginie Raynal, Carlo Lucchesi, Gaelle Pierron, Pascale Gilardi-Hebenstreit, Patrick Charnay, Heinrich Kovar, Olivier Delattre. Functional characterization of Ewing's sarcoma susceptibility loci. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improve...
Source: Cancer Research - October 9, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Grunewald, T., Aynaud, M.-M., Tirode, F., Tomazou, E., Surdez, D., Frio, T. R., Bernard, V., Raynal, V., Lucchesi, C., Pierron, G., Gilardi-Hebenstreit, P., Charnay, P., Kovar, H., Delattre, O. Tags: Genetic Predisposition to Pediatric Cancers Source Type: research

Abstract A63: YB-1 is critical for stress granule assembly and protects cells from oxidative stress
Stress granules (SGs) are highly conserved cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes that modulate gene expression and cellular homeostasis under prototypical stress forms. SG formation protects cells under stress conditions by protecting untranslated mRNAs until stress relief, and cells that are incapable of forming SGs are more vulnerable to diverse stressors compared to cells that are proficient at SG formation. The transcription and translation regulation factor Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is recruited to SG, but its exact contribution to formation of these structures is not clear. Using several stress inducing agents...
Source: Cancer Research - October 9, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Somasekharan, S. P., Leprivier, G., Evdokimova, V., EI-Naggar, A., Hajee, S., Gleave, M., Sorensen, P. H. Tags: Sarcomas (Bone and Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Abstract A36: Knockdown of integrin-linked kinase reduces invasive and metastatic potential of renal cell carcinoma
Conclusions: ILK is highly expressed in advanced RCC and its high expression is related to EMT-related protein in RCC. Knockdown of ILK inhibited molecular EMT markers and suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in orthotopic tumor model. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of ILK inhibition on invasion and metastasis in advanced RCC.Citation Format: Han Kyung Seok, Raven Peter, Awrey Shannon, Li Estelle, Fazli Ladan, Gleave Martin, So Alan. Knockdown of integrin-linked kinase reduces invasive and metastatic potential of renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Specia...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - November 13, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Seok, H. K., Peter, R., Shannon, A., Estelle, L., Ladan, F., Martin, G., Alan, S. Tags: Target Discovery and Validation: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract C42: Quantitative high-throughput efficacy profiling of hedgehog/GLI pathway antagonists in inflammatory breast cancer
Conclusion: Several agents showed efficacy in in vitro IBC cancer models demonstrating that GLI inhibitors may be a valid therapeutic approach for targeting GLI-dependent IBC cancers.Funded in part by DOD/CDMRP IDEA W81XWH-13-1-0141(BC121850) (KP Williams)[1] W.F. Anderson, C. Schairer, B.E. Chen, K.W. Hance, P.H. Levine, Epidemiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Breast disease 22 (2006) 9-23.[2] W.A. Woodward, M. Cristofanilli, Inflammatory breast cancer. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 19 (2009) 256-265.[3] K.A. Hirko, A.S. Soliman, M. Banerjee, J. Ruterbusch, J.B. Harford, R.M. Chamberlain, J.J. Graff, S.D. Meraj...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - November 13, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Oladapo, H., Ingram, S., Stefanowicz, A., Devi, G., Williams, K. Tags: Proteomics, Chemogenomics, and Chemoinformatics: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research