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Alginate-based drug carrier systems to target inflammatory bowel disease: A review
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jun 17:125472. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125472. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract. IBD has become an increasingly common condition in both developed and developing nations over the last few decades, owing to a variety of factors like a rising population and diets packed with processed and junk foods. While the root pathophysiology of IBD is unknown, treatments are focused on medications aimed to mitigate symptoms. Alginate (AG), a marine-derived polysaccharide, is extensively studied for its biocom...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - June 19, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Dinakar Swastha Nambolan Varsha Suresh Aravind Kavassery Balasubramanian Samyuktha Muruganandam Mohaneswari Yokesh Akshad Balde Bakthavatchalam Loganathan Ayilya Soottawat Benjakul Se-Kwon Kim Rasool Abdul Nazeer Source Type: research

Transforming growth factor β1-induced collagen production in myofibroblasts is mediated by reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase 4.
In this study, we examined the role of NOX4 in collagen production by intestinal myofibroblasts stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Using LmcMF cells, an intestinal subepithelial myofibroblast (ISEMF) line, we first examined the induction of collagen production by TGF-β1. Subsequently, we investigated the role of NOX4 in TGF-β1-induced collagen I production in these cells using SB525334 (an SMAD2/3 inhibitor), diphenyleneiodonium (an NOX inhibitor), and Nox4 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Production of collagen was assessed with Sirius red staining, and Nox4 expression was measured by quantitative real-...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - October 23, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hotta Y, Uchiyama K, Takagi T, Kashiwagi S, Nakano T, Mukai R, Toyokawa Y, Yasuda T, Ueda T, Suyama Y, Murakami T, Tanaka M, Majima A, Doi T, Hirai Y, Mizushima K, Morita M, Higashimura Y, Inoue K, Fukui A, Okayama T, Katada K, Kamada K, Handa O, Ishikawa Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Trimethylamine N-oxide prime NLRP3 inflammasome via inhibiting ATG16L1-induced autophagy in colonic epithelial cells.
This study observed the expression of ATG16L1, LC3-II and p62 and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome stimulated by TMAO in fetal human colon cells (FHCs), aiming to elucidate the mechanism by which the TMAO may contribute to colonic epithelial inflammation. Our results demonstrated that TMAO significantly inhibited ATG16L1, LC3-II and p62 expression, and triggered the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and production of ROS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, TMAO-mediated effects were observably reversed by over-expression ATG16L1 and siRNA-mediated knockdown NLRP3.The present results support the hypothesis that TM...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - August 2, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yue C, Yang X, Li J, Chen X, Zhao X, Chen Y, Wen Y Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Microtubule-associated protein 1S-related autophagy inhibits apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via Wnt/ β-catenin signaling in Crohn's disease.
Microtubule-associated protein 1S-related autophagy inhibits apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Crohn's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Feb 07;: Authors: Bai W, Bai J, Li Y, Tian D, Shi R Abstract Many autophagy-related genes, to our knowledge, have been identified as Crohn's disease (CD) polymorphic sites by genomic wide studies. As a novel member of the microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP1) family, MAP1S is a microtubule-binding proteins involved in autophagy. However, its expression and potential functions in CD have not been understood. For the fir...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - February 6, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bai W, Bai J, Li Y, Tian D, Shi R Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Enzyme- and pH-responsive microencapsulated nanogels for oral delivery of siRNA to induce TNF-α knockdown in the intestine.
Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) manifest from excessive intestinal inflammation. Local delivery of siRNA that targets these inflammatory cytokines would provide a novel treatment approach. Microencapsulated nanogels are designed and validated as platforms for oral delivery of siRNA targeting TNF-α, a common clinical target of IBD treatments. The preferred platform was designed to (i) protect siRNA-loaded nanogels from the harsh acidic environment of the upper GI tract; and (ii) enzymatically degrade and release the nanogels once the carrier has reached the intestinal region. This platform consists of m...
Source: Biomacromolecules - January 26, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Knipe JM, Strong LE, Peppas NA Tags: Biomacromolecules Source Type: research

Plant flavonol isorhamnetin attenuates chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease via a PXR-dependent pathway
Abstract: Isorhamnetin is an O-methylated flavonol present in fruit and vegetables. We recently reported the identification of isorhamnetin as an activator of the human pregnane X receptor (PXR), a known target for abrogating inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The current study investigated the role of isorhamnetin as a putative mouse PXR activator in ameliorating chemically induced IBD. Using two different models (ulcerative colitis like and Crohn's disease like) of experimental IBD in mice, we demonstrated that isorhamnetin abrogated inflammation through inhibiting the activity of myeloperoxidase, the leve...
Source: The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry - May 9, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wei Dou, Jingjing Zhang, Hao Li, Sandhya Kortagere, Katherine Sun, Lili Ding, Gaiyan Ren, Zhengtao Wang, Sridhar Mani Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research