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A Novel Behavioral Display in < em > Lymnaea < /em > Induced by Quercetin and Hypoxia
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):115-127. doi: 10.1086/725689. Epub 2023 Aug 4.ABSTRACTAbstractThe pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis employs aerial respiration under hypoxia and can be operantly conditioned to reduce this behavior. When applied individually, a heat shock (30 °C for 1 h) and the flavonoid quercetin enhance long-term memory formation for the operant conditioning of aerial respiration. However, when snails are exposed to quercetin before the heat shock, long-term memory is no longer enhanced. This is because quercetin prevents the heat-induced upregulation of heat-shock proteins 70 and 40. When we tested the memory out...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Veronica Rivi Anuradha Batabyal Cristina Benatti Fabio Tascedda Joan M C Blom Ken Lukowiak Source Type: research
Changes in Larval Oyster Swimming Behavior with Salinity and Larval Age
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):94-102. doi: 10.1086/725418. Epub 2023 Jun 16.ABSTRACTAbstractEastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) are sessile, relying on a larval phase to disperse in estuaries. Oyster larval swimming behavior can alter dispersal trajectories and patterns of population connectivity. Experiments were conducted to test how both (1) acclimation time to new environmental conditions and (2) larval swimming behavior change with salinity and larval age. Acclimation time to changes in salinity was longest in lower salinity (6 ppt) and decreased with age. To test changes in behavior with salinity, larvae were placed...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Emily C Manuel Joseph Caracappa Daphne Munroe Source Type: research
Differences of Sucker Formation Processes Depending on Benthic or Pelagic Posthatching Lifestyles in Two Octopus Species
In this study, therefore, detailed developmental processes of arms and suckers were observed during embryogenesis in two different octopus species, Octopus parvus and Amphioctopus fangsiao, showing pelagic and benthic posthatching lifestyles, respectively. In O. parvus, sucker formation stopped at a relatively early stage in which three suckers on an arm were produced. In addition, at late embryonic stages, cell proliferation was hardly detected in whole arms, while in A. fangsiao, sucker production continued throughout embryogenesis and cell proliferation also remained active in whole arms even in the late stages. Therefo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Ryosuke Kimbara Hisanori Kohtsuka Toru Miura Source Type: research
A Feeding-Related Mechanoreceptor Identified in the Crab < em > Cancer borealis < /em > Shares Similarities and Differences with Homologs in Other Crustaceans
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):128-137. doi: 10.1086/726773. Epub 2023 Aug 31.ABSTRACTAbstractSensory feedback plays an essential role in shaping rhythmic animal movements. In the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system, which is responsible for grinding and filtering food particles in the animal's foregut, a number of mechanoreceptors whose activity affects motor output have been characterized. The hepatopancreas duct receptor neurons, which are located in the pyloric region of the foregut that is responsible for filtering, are among the less well understood groups of stomatogastric mechanoreceptors. Although they were first...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Peter K D Hovland Jose A Tochihuitl John T Birmingham Source Type: research
Predators Induce Phenotypic Plasticity in Echinoderms across Life History Stages
In this study, we tested whether planktonic echinoderm larvae exposed to cues from benthic predators modified their juvenile phenotypes at settlement. Green urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and Pacific sand dollar (Dendraster excentricus) larvae were exposed to predatory green crab (Carcinus maenus) or red rock crab (Cancer productus) cues, respectively, from their early-stage juvenile rudiment formation through settlement. Green urchin larvae exposed to predator cues settled with significantly more juvenile spines compared to unexposed controls. Sand dollars exhibited earlier settlement, larger disk area, fewer ...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Danielle K Barnes Jonathan D Allen Source Type: research
Cephalochordate Hemocytes: First Demonstration for < em > Asymmetron lucayanum < /em > (Bahamas Lancelet) Plus Augmented Description for < em > Branchiostoma floridae < /em > (Florida Amphioxus)
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):71-81. doi: 10.1086/726774. Epub 2023 Aug 16.ABSTRACTAbstractWithin phylum Chordata, the subphylum Cephalochordata (amphioxus and lancelets) has figured large in considerations of the evolutionary origin of the vertebrates. To date, these discussions have been predominantly based on knowledge of a single cephalochordate genus (Branchiostoma), almost to the exclusion of the other two genera (Asymmetron and Epigonichthys). This uneven pattern is illustrated by cephalochordate hematology, until now known entirely from work done on Branchiostoma. The main part of the present study is to describe hemo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nicholas D Holland Linda Z Holland Source Type: research
Understanding the joint evolution of dispersal and host specialisation using phytophagous arthropods as a model group
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1111/brv.13018. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTheory generally predicts that host specialisation and dispersal should evolve jointly. Indeed, many models predict that specialists should be poor dispersers to avoid landing on unsuitable hosts while generalists will have high dispersal abilities. Phytophagous arthropods are an excellent group to test this prediction, given extensive variation in their host range and dispersal abilities. Here, we explore the degree to which the empirical literature on this group is in accordance with theoretical predictions. We first briefly outl...
Source: Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Virginie Ravign é Leonor R Rodrigues Maud Charlery de la Masseli ère Beno ît Facon Lechos ław Kuczyński Jacek Radwan Anna Skoracka Sara Magalh ães Source Type: research
The importance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as high-quality food in freshwater ecosystems with implications of global change
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1111/brv.13017. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTraditionally, trophic ecology research on aquatic ecosystems has focused more on the quantity of dietary energy flow within food webs rather than food quality and its effects on organisms at various trophic levels. Recent studies emphasize that food quality is central to consumer growth and reproduction, and the importance of food quality for aquatic ecosystems has become increasingly well recognized. It is timely to synthesise these findings and identify potential future research directions. We conducted a systematic review of om...
Source: Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Keheng Yan Fen Guo Martin J Kainz Feilong Li Wei Gao Stuart E Bunn Yuan Zhang Source Type: research
Understanding the joint evolution of dispersal and host specialisation using phytophagous arthropods as a model group
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1111/brv.13018. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTheory generally predicts that host specialisation and dispersal should evolve jointly. Indeed, many models predict that specialists should be poor dispersers to avoid landing on unsuitable hosts while generalists will have high dispersal abilities. Phytophagous arthropods are an excellent group to test this prediction, given extensive variation in their host range and dispersal abilities. Here, we explore the degree to which the empirical literature on this group is in accordance with theoretical predictions. We first briefly outl...
Source: Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Virginie Ravign é Leonor R Rodrigues Maud Charlery de la Masseli ère Beno ît Facon Lechos ław Kuczyński Jacek Radwan Anna Skoracka Sara Magalh ães Source Type: research
Suprachiasmatic nucleus promotes hyperglycemia induced by sleep delay
Curr Biol. 2023 Sep 13:S0960-9822(23)01151-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.071. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTShort sleep is linked to disturbances in glucose metabolism and may induce a prediabetic condition. The biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates the glucose rhythm in the circulation and the sleep-wake cycle. SCN vasopressin neurons (SCNVP) control daily glycemia by regulating the entrance of glucose into the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Thus, we hypothesized that sleep delay may influence SCN neuronal activity. We, therefore, investigated the role of SCNVP when sleep is disrupted by forced locomotor...
Source: Current Biology - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado Eva Soto-Tinoco Esteban Santacruz-Mart ínez Masha Prager-Khoutorsky Carolina Escobar Ruud M Buijs Source Type: research
Acetate Abates Arsenic-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity by Suppressing HDAC and Uric Acid-Driven Oxido-inflammatory NFkB/iNOS/NO Response in Rats
This study investigated the impact of acetate on arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity. Forty eight adult male Wistar rats were allotted into any of these four groups (n = 12 rats per group): vehicle-treated, sodium acetate-treated, arsenic-exposed, and arsenic-exposed + sodium acetate-treated. The results revealed that arsenic exposure prolonged the latencies of mount, intromission, and ejaculation and reduced the frequencies of mount, intromission, and ejaculation, as well as mating and fertility indices, litter size and weight, anogenital distance, anogenital index, and survival rate in male F1 offspring at weaning...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: E E Besong T M Akhigbe J N Obimma O O Obembe R E Akhigbe Source Type: research
Impacts of Some Trace Metals in Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tor soro (Valenciennes, 1842) on Human Health
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03852-4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAlthough fish are rich sources of various trace metals in their bodies, when these metals exceed health safety limits, it becomes a global concern. Fish exposed to trace metal pollution in their aquatic ecosystems can lead to bioaccumulation and transfer to consumers. Monitoring trace metal contamination of fish food is crucial because they can reach humans through the aquatic food chain, resulting in health problems. Therefore, a first attempt was made for the analysis of trace metals in two cyprinid fish species, namely Cypri...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nima Nazeer Zubia Masood Mourad Ben Said Tawseef Khan Asim Ullah Wajid Ali Ayman A Swelum Source Type: research
Imbalance of Plasma Copper and Zinc Levels and the Association Between the Cu/Zn Ratio and Lipid Peroxidation in Algerian Bipolar Patients
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03858-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTrace elements, through their interaction with biomolecules, can play an important role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and protect against oxidative stress effects. The purpose of this study is to examine plasma concentration levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) of Algerian patients, diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and to compare these levels with those of healthy controls. The Cu/Zn ratio was calculated to explore a possible correlation between these elements and lipid peroxidation in the study groups. A total of 3...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Ikram Chebieb Nouria Dennouni Medjati Yahia Harek Baya Guermouche Majda Dali-Sahi Youssouf Kachekouche Cherifa Benosman Source Type: research
Concentration and Distribution of Toxic and Essential Elements in Traditional Rice Varieties of Sri Lanka Grown on an Anuradhapura District Farm
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03847-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTToxic heavy metals have been the focus of many investigations into chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) within Sri Lanka. It has been hypothesised that exposure to nephrotoxic arsenic, cadmium and lead could play a role in the development of CKDu, and these metals have previously been found in unsafe concentrations in Sri Lankan rice. Traditional varieties of Sri Lankan rice remain popular due to their perceived health benefits, but their uptake of trace and toxic heavy metals remained unexplored. Here, we report ...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Thomas E Lockwood Richard B Banati Chandima Nikagolla Jake P Violi David P Bishop Source Type: research
Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 1 regulates transcription of elongase 3 in murine tissues
This study explored underlying mechanisms of GPX1 in regulating tissue fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis. GPX1 OE, KO, and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 5, male, 3-6 months old) were fed a Se-adequate diet (0.3 mg/kg) and assayed for liver and adipose tissue FA profiles and mRNA levels of key enzymes of FA biosynthesis and redox-responsive transcriptional factors (TFs). These three genotypes of mice (n = 5) were injected intraperitoneally with diquat, ebselen, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at 10, 50, and 50 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, and killed at 0 and 12 h after the injections to detect mRNA levels of FA elongases and desatu...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Ziqiao Sun Kun Wu Chenhan Feng Xin Gen Lei Source Type: research
