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Nutrition: Vitamin A

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Relationship between breastfeeding patterns and intake of vitamin A and iron in children 6-12 months
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre o tipo de aleitamento no primeiro semestre de vida e o consumo de vitamina A e ferro do 6º ao 12º mês. Estudo de coorte com 226 crianças. Avaliou-se o tipo de aleitamento do 1º ao 6º mês de vida e o consumo alimentar do 6º ao 12º mês. O consumo de nutriente s entre os grupos foi comparado pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis. A análise da associação entre o consumo de nutrientes e o tipo de aleitamento se deu pela Regressão de Poisson. O consumo abaixo da recomendação de vitamina A e ferro foi de 33,6% e 67,7%, respectivamente. Crianças amamentadas de ma...
Source: Ciencia e Saude Coletiva - October 29, 2019 Category: Occupational Health Source Type: research

Biofortified and fortified maize consumption reduces prevalence of low milk retinol, but does not increase vitamin A stores of breastfeeding Zambian infants with adequate reserves: a randomized controlled trial
CONCLUSIONS: Both biofortified and fortified maize consumption improved milk retinol concentration. This did not translate into greater infant TBS, most likely due to adequate TBS at baseline. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02804490.PMID:33693468 | DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa429
Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - March 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Authors: Amanda C Palmer Modou L Jobarteh Mackford Chipili Matthew D Greene Anthony Oxley Georg Lietz Rose Mwanza Marjorie J Haskell Source Type: research

Adequate vitamin A liver stores estimated by the modified relative dose response test are positively associated with breastfeeding but not vitamin A supplementation in Senegalese urban children 9 –23 months old: A comparative cross-sectional study
The objective of this comparative cross-sectional study, conducted in urban settings of Dakar, was to compare the vitamin A liver stores (VALS) assessed using the modified-relative dose response (MRDR) test between supplemented and non-supplemented 9–23 month-old children and to study their re lationship with VAS. The supplemented group (n = 119) received VAS (either 100 000 UI or 200 000 UI) 2 to 6 months before evaluation while the non-supplemented group (n = 110) had not received VAS during the past 6 months. In addition to MRDR, serum retinol concentrations (SR), and biomarkers of sub clinical inflammation were measu...
Source: PLoS One - January 29, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mane H élène Faye Source Type: research

A test of the optimal iron hypothesis among breastfeeding Ariaal mothers in northern Kenya
ConclusionsWe interpret these patterns as tentative support for the optimal iron hypothesis in breastfeeding women in the infectious disease ecology of northern Kenya. Iron deficiency may interact in important ways with other forms of malnutrition that are known to affect immune protection.
Source: American Journal of Physical Anthropology - August 19, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Masako Fujita, Katherine Wander Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Breastfeeding, a Personalized Medicine with Influence on Short- and Long-Term Immune Health.
Authors: Verhasselt V Abstract The neonatal immune system has its own reactivity, constraints, and challenges, which profoundly differ from the adult. Breast milk is most probably a key requirement both for optimal immune function in early life and for imprinting of the immune system for long-term immune health. Here, we will highlight how breast milk fills the needs and the gaps of the developing immune system and thereby represents the unbeatable way to prevent infectious disease. We will further focus on some factors in breast milk that we extensively studied and found to actively influence the immune trajectory...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - March 31, 2020 Category: Nutrition Tags: Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser Source Type: research

Biofortified and fortified maize consumption reduces prevalence of low milk retinol, but does not increase vitamin A stores of breastfeeding Zambian infants with adequate reserves: a randomized controlled trial
ConclusionsBoth biofortified and fortified maize consumption improved milk retinol concentration. This did not translate into greater infant TBS, most likely due to adequate TBS at baseline. This trial was registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT02804490.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - March 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Attentional signals projecting centrifugally to the avian retina: A dual contribution to visual search
Vision Res. 2022 Feb 11;195:108016. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108016. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAmong vertebrates, birds have a particularly well-developed retinopetal system, i.e., the centrifugal system projecting from the brain to the retina. Primary, secondary and tertiary neurons of the retinopetal system connect serially in a one-to-one-to-one fashion, thereby assembling several thousand retinopetal modules projecting in parallel to the retina. The signal conveyed by the retinopetal system enhances the visual responses of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and each retinopetal module may facilitate the RGCs in a top...
Source: Vision Research - February 14, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Hiroyuki Uchiyama Hiroshi Ohno Takuto Kawasaki Yuhki Owatari Takahiro Narimatsu Yusaku Miyanagi Taiga Maeda Source Type: research

Saccades during visual search in macular degeneration
Vision Res. 2022 Aug 18;201:108113. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108113. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMacular degeneration (MD) compromises both high-acuity vision and eye movements when the foveal regions of both eyes are affected. Individuals with MD adapt to central field loss by adopting a preferred retinal locus (PRL) for fixation. Here, we investigate how individuals with bilateral MD use eye movements to search for targets in a visual scene under realistic binocular viewing conditions. Five individuals with binocular scotomata, 3 individuals with monocular scotomata and 6 age-matched controls participated in our stud...
Source: Vision Research - August 21, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: C écile Vullings Zachary Lively Preeti Verghese Source Type: research