What Causes Hemoptysis?
Discussion
True hemoptysis is a very uncommon or rare problem in pediatrics but can be potentially life-threatening. Massive hemoptysis has a high mortality (up to 50%) mainly from asphyxia and inability to ventilate and oxygenate the patient because of blood in the pulmonary airways. Fortunately, most hemoptysis is small in amount that resolves within 24 hours.
Initial evaluation for hemoptysis can include complete blood count, coagulation studies, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urinalysis (possible pulmonary-renal problems), radiographic imaging including chest x-ray and/or computed tomography, and...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - April 22, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What is PAN?
Discussion
Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels. Often, the term implies the arterial vessels, but venous and capillary vessels can be affected. The nomenclature to describe vasculitis and its classification have varied over time. Arterial vessel size is one method and some more common entities include:
Small vessel, mainly
Granulomatous – granulomatosis with polyangiitis (aka Wegener’s granulomatosis), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (aka Churg Strauss syndrome)
Nongranulomatous – Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), microscopic polyangiitis
Medium vessel, mainly
Childhood sys...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 27, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Are Causes of Childhood Interstital Lung Disease?
Discussion
Interstitial lung disease in children (chILD) is less understood than adult interstitial lung disease (ILD) and is rare. Prevalence is ~ 0.13 to 16.2 per 100,000 children under age 17 years. chILD is an general term for respiratory disorders that are heterogeneous, chronic and impair lung function. While some define diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) separately, the term ILD usually encompases DPLD. chILD has variable definitions and is “usually diagnosed if three of the following features are present:
1) respiratory symptoms (cough, rapid and/or difficult breathing, and exercise intolerance),
2) res...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - August 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What is in the Differential Diagnosis for Green, Blue or Violet Skin Conditions?
Discussion
Acrocyanosis is commonly seen in the newborn period as the baby transitions to extra-uterine life. It appears as blue-purple coloration of the distal extremities which usually improves over several hours.
Blue melanocytosis is also a common normal variant of skin color. It usually is seen on the posterior surface of the body around the spine and buttocks, but can also be on the upper parts of the extremities.
It is a blue-black coloration that shows a normal skin undertone when palpated.
This is the second in a short case series of differential diagnoses of colored skin conditions.
An introduction to dermatologi...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 2, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
Title: Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)Category: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 12/31/1997 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/10/2021 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet Arthritis General)
Source: MedicineNet Arthritis General - November 10, 2021 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: news
What are Potential Problems Associated with Helicobacter pylori?
Discussion
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilis, spiral bacterium that is a prevalent human pathogen. How this infection affects individuals is different in adults and children. Overall seroprevalence rate in children world-wide was estimated to be ~33%, but this seroprevalence rate is decreasing in the developed world for both adults and children. It is acquired in childhood and can persist through colonization throughout life if untreated. Fortunately, it often is asymptomatic and generally does not cause serious disease in children.
Some serotyping data shows that within families children acquire it more...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 23, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Causes Joint Pain?
DiscussionMusculoskeletal problems are common problems in pediatric practice with up to 15% of acute care visits being for this problem.
Joint pain is a common concern for families but the differential diagnosis is extensive and needs thoughtful consideration. History is a key to discerning the potential diagnosis but also in guiding the physical examination and laboratory examination. Family history especially for systemic diseases should be considered. On physical examination all joints should be examined include sacroiliac and temporomandibular joints.
Is this arthritis or arthralgia? Distinction between inflammatory...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - October 26, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Causes Henoch Schonlein Purpura
? (Source: eMedicineHealth.com)
Source: eMedicineHealth.com - June 10, 2020 Category: General Medicine Source Type: news
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Title: Henoch-Schonlein PurpuraCategory: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 12/31/1997 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/7/2018 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet Arthritis General)
Source: MedicineNet Arthritis General - May 7, 2018 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: news
How Does Pediatric Sj ö gren Syndrome Present?
Discussion
Sjögren Syndrome (SS) is named for Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren who published a case series in 1933 describing patients with dry eyes and arthritis. SS is a “chronic autoimmune inflammatory exocrinopathy” that is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands and has various degrees of systematic involvement. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia are the main clinical symptoms.
Sicca is a Latin word meaning dry. Dryness of the eyes and mouth without evidence of autoimmune disease is called Sicca syndrome or Sicca complex. SS can be primary or se...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - December 11, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Medical News Today: Henoch-Sch önlein purpura: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
What is Henoch-Sch önlein purpura, who does it affect, and what are the causes? Learn about the diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura and how it is treated. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - August 15, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Dermatology Source Type: news
Henoch-Schönlein purpura following high-voltage electric burn injury: A case report and review of the literature - Duan X, Yu D, Yu C, Wang B, Guo Y.
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown cause, with immune-mediated inflammation of the small vessels, which is characterized by a series of clinical symptoms, such as purpuric rash, colicky abdominal pain, arthritis and acute g... (Source: SafetyLit)
Source: SafetyLit - February 26, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Burns, Electricity, Explosions, Fire, Scalds Source Type: news
Intussusception By The Numbers
Discussion
Intussusception occurs when one segment of the gastrointestinal tract telescopes into an adjacent segment. The outer receiving segment of bowel is known as the intussuscipiens and the inner inverting segment is known as the intussusceptum. It occurs most often in children between 2 months to 5 years, with a peak incidence between 4-10 months. Males are more often affected than females by 3:2. It also occurs more often after abdominal operations particularly in the first 2 weeks. It is the second most common acute abdominal emergency in children after appendicitis. In adults ~80% have an underlying cause or lead ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 7, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Are Common Drug Eruptions in Children?
Discussion
Drug reactions unfortunately are common in children and adults. These reactions have different but often overlapping appearances. Viral exanthams also often cloud the picture as these rashes can be because of the drug, the virus or both.
Patients with urticaria multiforme present with an acute rash that appears as urticaria plaques that have a hemorrhagic or dusky discoloration. It occurs 1-3 days after viral symptoms (including cough, rhinorrhea, diarrhea) and may also present with fever.
Morbilliform drug eruptions one of the most common drug reactions in children and usually occur 7-14 days after the onset ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - July 27, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Gene Linked With Pediatric Vasculitis
(MedPage Today) -- HLA-DRB1 locus may harbor culprit behind Henoch-Schonlein purpura. (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)
Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics - December 5, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: news
