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Changes in neural activation underlying attention processing of emotional stimuli following treatment with positive search training in anxious children
Publication date: Available online 11 March 2018 Source:Journal of Anxiety Disorders Author(s): Allison M. Waters, Yuan Cao, Rachel Kershaw, Georg M. Kerbler, David H.K. Shum, Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, Michelle G. Craske, Brendan P. Bradley, Karin Mogg, Daniel S. Pine, Ross Cunnington Prior research indicates that positive search training (PST) may be a promising home-based computerised treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. It explicitly trains anxious individuals in adaptive, goal-directed attention-search strategies to search for positive and calm information and ignore goal-irrelevant negative cues. Although PST ...
Source: Journal of Anxiety Disorders - March 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The dependencies of fronto‐parietal BOLD responses evoked by covert visual search suggest eye‐centred coding
Abstract Visual scenes explored covertly are initially represented in a retinal frame of reference (FOR). On the other hand, ‘later’ stages of the cortical network allocating spatial attention most probably use non‐retinal or non‐eye‐centred representations as they may ease the integration of different sensory modalities for the formation of supramodal representations of space. We tested if the cortical areas involved in shifting covert attention are based on eye‐centred or non‐eye‐centred coding by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were scanned while detecting a target item (a regularly...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 13, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Atabaki, P.W. Dicke, H.‐O. Karnath, P. Thier Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Real View Radiology—Impact on Search Patterns and Confidence in Radiology Education
Rationale and Objectives: Search patterns are important for radiologists because they enable systematic case review. Because radiology residents are exposed to so many imaging modalities and anatomic regions, and they rotate on-and-off service so frequently, they may have difficulty establishing effective search patterns. We developed Real View Radiology (RVR), an educational system founded on guided magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) case review and evaluated its impact on search patterns and interpretative confidence of junior radiology residents.Materials and Methods: RVR guides learners through unknown examinations by se...
Source: Academic Radiology - May 12, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Jared H. Bailey, Trenton D. Roth, Mark D. Kohli, Darel E. Heitkamp Tags: Recipient of the 2014 Memorial Award Source Type: research

Acupuncture for Post-stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: Acupuncture therapy seems effective for motor function, pain relief and activities of daily living in stroke patients with mild SHS, when it is used in combination with rehabilitation. The low certainty of evidence downgrades our confidence in making recommendations to clinical practice. Introduction Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) is a common condition among people who have had a stroke, with its reported prevalence ranging from 12% to 49% (1, 2). The main symptoms of SHS include pain, hyperalgesia, joint swelling and limitations in range of motion (ROM) (3). Post-stroke SHS is also named type I complex ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Functional Interactions Between Large-Scale Networks During Memory Search
Neuroimaging studies have identified two major large-scale brain networks, the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN), which are engaged for internally and externally directed cognitive tasks respectively, and which show anticorrelated activity during cognitively demanding tests and at rest. We identified these brain networks using independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and examined their interactions during the free-recall task, a self-initiated memory search task in which retrieval is performed in the absence of external cues. Despite the internally ...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - February 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Kragel, J. E., Polyn, S. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Visual search for feature conjunctions: an fMRI study comparing alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) to ADHD
Conclusions: Limited activation patterns in ARND suggest problems in information processing along the ventral frontoparietal attention pathway. Poor integrity of the ILF, which connects the functional components of the ventral attention network, in ARND subjects may contribute to the attention deficits characteristic of the disorder.
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - March 4, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Carrie R O’ConaillKrisztina L MaliszaJoan L BussR BolsterChristine ClancyPatricia de GervaiAlbert E ChudleySally Longstaffe Source Type: research

White Matter Hyperintensities among Older Adults Are Associated with Futile Increase in Frontal Activation and Functional Connectivity during Spatial Search
by Samuel N. Lockhart, Steven J. Luck, Joy Geng, Laurel Beckett, Elizabeth A. Disbrow, Owen Carmichael, Charles DeCarli The mechanisms by which aging and other processes can affect the structure and function of brain networks are important to understanding normal age-related cognitive decline. Advancing age is known to be associated with various disease processes, including clinically asymptomatic vascular and inflammation processes that contribute to white matter structural alteration and potential injury. The effects of these processes on the function of distributed cognitive networks, however, are poorly understood. We...
Source: PLoS One - March 20, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Samuel N. Lockhart et al. Source Type: research

Magnetic resonance perfusion for differentiating low-grade from high-grade gliomas at first presentation.
CONCLUSIONS: The limited available evidence precludes reliable estimation of the performance of DSC MR perfusion-derived rCBV for the identification of grade in untreated solid and non-enhancing LGG from that of HGG. Pooled data yielded a wide range of estimates for both sensitivity (range 66% to 93% for detection of LGGs) and specificity (range 9% to 90% for detection of HGGs). Other clinical and methodological features affecting accuracy of the technique could not be determined from the limited data. A larger sample size of both LGG and HGG, preferably using a standardised scanning approach and with an updated reference ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 22, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Abrigo JM, Fountain DM, Provenzale JM, Law EK, Kwong JS, Hart MG, Tam WWS Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Frontoparietal activation during visual conjunction search: Effects of bottom ‐up guidance and adult age
Abstract We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a visual search paradigm to test the hypothesis that aging is associated with increased frontoparietal involvement in both target detection and bottom‐up attentional guidance (featural salience). Participants were 68 healthy adults, distributed continuously across 19 to 78 years of age. Frontoparietal regions of interest (ROIs) were defined from resting‐state scans obtained prior to task‐related fMRI. The search target was defined by a conjunction of color and orientation. Each display contained one item that was larger than the others (i.e., a s...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - January 3, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: David J. Madden, Emily L. Parks, Catherine W. Tallman, Maria A. Boylan, David A. Hoagey, Sally B. Cocjin, Micah A. Johnson, Ying ‐hui Chou, Guy G. Potter, Nan‐kuei Chen, Lauren E. Packard, Rachel E. Siciliano, Zachary A. Monge, Michele T. Diaz Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Intensity-based image registration using scatter search
Conclusions With a proper, problem-specific design, scatter search is able to provide a robust, global optimization. The accuracy and reliability of the registration process are superior to those of classic gradient-based techniques.
Source: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - October 12, 2014 Category: Bioinformatics Source Type: research

Multimodal neuroimaging evidence linking memory and attention systems during visual search cued by context
Visual search can be facilitated by the learning of spatial configurations that predict the location of a target among distractors. Neuropsychological and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence implicates the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system in this contextual cueing effect, and electroencephalography (EEG) studies have identified the involvement of visual cortical regions related to attention. This work investigated two questions: (1) how memory and attention systems are related in contextual cueing; and (2) how these systems are involved in both short‐ and long‐term contextual learning. In one ...
Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - January 13, 2015 Category: Science Authors: Ryan W. Kasper, Scott T. Grafton, Miguel P. Eckstein, Barry Giesbrecht Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Stress echocardiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: an evidence-based analysis.
The objective of the analysis is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of stress echocardiography (ECHO) in the diagnosis of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to coronary angiography (CA). STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: Stress ECHO is a non-invasive technology that images the heart using ultrasound. It is one of the most commonly employed imaging techniques for investigating a variety of cardiac abnormalities in both community and hospital settings. A complete ECHO exam includes M-mode, 2-dimensional (2-D) images and Doppler imaging. In order to diagnosis CAD and assess whether myocardial ischemia is ...
Source: Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series - December 20, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Ont Health Technol Assess Ser Source Type: research

Pretraining Cortical Thickness Predicts Subsequent Perceptual Learning Rate in a Visual Search Task
We report that preexisting individual differences in the cortical thickness of brain areas involved in a perceptual learning task predict the subsequent perceptual learning rate. Participants trained in a motion-discrimination task involving visual search for a "V"-shaped target motion trajectory among inverted "V"-shaped distractor trajectories. Motion-sensitive area MT+ (V5) was functionally identified as critical to the task: after 3 weeks of training, activity increased in MT+ during task performance, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. We computed the cortical thickness of MT+ from anatomical magneti...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - February 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Frank, S. M., Reavis, E. A., Greenlee, M. W., Tse, P. U. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Intensity-based image registration using scatter search
We present a novel intensity-based algorithm for medical image registration (IR).Methods and materials: The IR problem is formulated as a continuous optimization task, and our work focuses on the development of the optimization component. Our method is designed over an advanced scatter search template, and it uses a combination of restart and dynamic boundary mechanisms integrated within a multi-resolution strategy.Results: The experimental validation is performed over two datasets of human brain magnetic resonance imaging. The algorithm is evaluated in both a stand-alone registration application and an atlas-based segment...
Source: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - March 4, 2014 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Andrea Valsecchi, Sergio Damas, José Santamaría, Linda Marrakchi-Kacem Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research