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The Effect of Teaching Search Strategies on Perceptual Performance
Conclusions Teaching a drilling strategy is preferable to teaching a scanning strategy for finding lung nodules.
Source: Academic Radiology - February 24, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Search strategies to identify observational studies in MEDLINE and Embase.
CONCLUSIONS: We found 18 methodological filters across two eligible studies. Search strategies from the first study had higher sensitivity and precision, underwent external validation and targeted observational studies. Search strategies from the second study had lower sensitivity and precision, focused on cNRSs, and were not validated externally. Given this limited and heterogeneous evidence, and its methodological limitations, further research and better indexation are needed. PMID: 30860595 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 11, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Li L, Smith HE, Atun R, Tudor Car L Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

The dependencies of fronto‐parietal BOLD responses evoked by covert visual search suggest eye‐centred coding
Abstract Visual scenes explored covertly are initially represented in a retinal frame of reference (FOR). On the other hand, ‘later’ stages of the cortical network allocating spatial attention most probably use non‐retinal or non‐eye‐centred representations as they may ease the integration of different sensory modalities for the formation of supramodal representations of space. We tested if the cortical areas involved in shifting covert attention are based on eye‐centred or non‐eye‐centred coding by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were scanned while detecting a target item (a regularly...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 13, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Atabaki, P.W. Dicke, H.‐O. Karnath, P. Thier Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

LocARNAscan: Incorporating thermodynamic stability in sequence and structure-based RNA homology search
Conclusions: Although we demonstrate that a purely structure-based homology search is feasible in principle, it is unlikely to outperform tools such as Infernal in most application scenarios, where a substantial amount of sequence information is typically available. The LocARNAscan approach will profit, however, from high throughput methods to determine RNA secondary structure. In transcriptomewide applications, such methods will provide accurate structure annotations on the target side.AvailabilitySource code of the free software LocARNAscan 1.0 and supplementary data are available at http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/Software/LocARNAscan.
Source: Algorithms for Molecular Biology - April 20, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sebastian WillMichael SiebauerSteffen HeyneJan EngelhardtPeter StadlerKristin ReicheRolf Backofen Source Type: research

LocARNAscan: Incorporating thermodynamic stability in sequence and structure-based RNA homology search.
CONCLUSIONS: Although we demonstrate that a purely structure-based homology search is feasible in principle, it is unlikely to outperform tools such as Infernal in most application scenarios, where a substantial amount of sequence information is typically available. The LocARNAscan approach will profit, however, from high throughput methods to determine RNA secondary structure. In transcriptomewide applications, such methods will provide accurate structure annotations on the target side. AVAILABILITY: Source code of the free software LocARNAscan 1.0 and supplementary data are available at http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/S...
Source: Algorithms for Molecular Biology : AMB - April 20, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Will S, Siebauer MF, Heyne S, Engelhardt J, Stadler PF, Reiche K, Backofen R Tags: Algorithms Mol Biol Source Type: research

A Simple Question That Will Change Your Search for Love
Most dating advice focuses on the skills of seeking, not the skills of loving. Apps, events and websites offer endless opportunities for meeting, but as I describe in Deeper Dating: How to Drop The Games of Seduction and Discover the Power of Intimacy, until we learn how to choose healthy intimacy and nurture its tender new shoots, it's unlikely we'll find the love we seek. When we approach our search for love as an intimacy journey, not as a race against time or a search for a needle in a haystack, everything changes. In my decades of seeking a relationship, I spent incalculable hours looking for love in places that lack...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - December 5, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

The impending demise of the item in visual search.
Abstract The way the cognitive system scans the visual environment for relevant information - visual search in short - has been a longstanding central topic in vision science. From its inception as a research topic, and despite a number of promising alternative perspectives, the study of visual search has been governed by the assumption that search proceeds on the basis of individual items (whether processed in parallel or not). This has led to the additional assumptions that shallow search slopes (at most a few tens of milliseconds per item for target-present trials) are most informative about the underlying proc...
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - December 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hulleman J, Olivers CN Tags: Behav Brain Sci Source Type: research

Visual-search observers for assessing tomographic x-ray image quality.
CONCLUSIONS: The computationally efficient training requirements for the VS observer are suitable for high-resolution imaging, indicating that the observer framework has the potential to overcome important task limitations of current model observers for x-ray applications. PMID: 26936739 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Physics - March 1, 2016 Category: Physics Authors: Gifford HC, Liang Z, Das M Tags: Med Phys Source Type: research

Combining gradient ascent search and support vector machines for effective autofocus of a field emission–scanning electron microscope
Summary Autofocus is an important issue in electron microscopy, particularly at high magnification. It consists in searching for sharp image of a specimen, that is corresponding to the peak of focus. The paper presents a machine learning solution to this issue. From seven focus measures, support vector machines fitting is used to compute the peak with an initial guess obtained from a gradient ascent search, that is search in the direction of higher gradient of focus. The solution is implemented on a Carl Zeiss Auriga FE‐SEM with a three benchmark specimen and magnification ranging from x300 to x160 000. Based on regulari...
Source: Journal of Microscopy - May 8, 2016 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: S. DEMBÉLÉ, O. LEHMANN, K. MEDJAHER, N. MARTURI, N. PIAT Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Manual search approaches used by systematic reviewers in dermatology.
CONCLUSIONS: Authors of systematic reviews published in dermatology journals in our study sample scanned reference lists more frequently than they conducted hand-searches, possibly contributing to biased search outcomes. We encourage systematic reviewers to routinely practice hand-searching in order to minimize bias. PMID: 27822152 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA - November 10, 2016 Category: Databases & Libraries Tags: J Med Libr Assoc Source Type: research

A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing effectiveness of prism glasses, visual search training and standard care in hemianopia
ConclusionsNo significant change occurred for area of visual field area across arms over follow‐up. Visual search training had significant improvement in vision‐related quality of life. Prism therapy produced adverse events in 69%. Visual search training results warrant further investigation.
Source: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica - December 28, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: F. J. Rowe, E. J. Conroy, E. Bedson, E. Cwiklinski, A. Drummond, M. Garc ía‐Fiñana, C. Howard, A. Pollock, T. Shipman, C. Dodridge, C. MacIntosh, S. Johnson, C. Noonan, G. Barton, C. Sackley Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Ideal observers from a visual-search paradigm: localization tasks and performance figures of merit
Conclusion: Anthropomorphic model observers can be devised by applying thresholds within the VS framework of this ideal observer. The ideal model thus provides a theoretical basis for VS observers that have been recently proposed [3] as surrogates for human observers in clinically realistic diagnostic imaging tasks. Research Support: This work was supported in part by NIBIB grant R01-EB012070.
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 24, 2017 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Gifford, H. Tags: Quantification, Image Reconstruction and Methodologies in Nuclear Medicine Source Type: research

Salt concentration modulates the DNA target search strategy of NdeI.
Abstract DNA target search is a key step in cellular transactions that access genomic information. How DNA binding proteins combine 3D diffusion, sliding and hopping into an overall search strategy remains poorly understood. Here we report the use of a single molecule DNA tethering method to characterize the target search kinetics of the type II restriction endonuclease NdeI. The measured search rate depends strongly on DNA length as well as salt concentration. Using roadblocks, we show that there are significant changes in the DNA sliding length over the salt concentrations in our study. To explain our results, w...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - October 26, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ferreira RM, Ware AD, Matozel E, Price AC Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Protein-DNA target search relies on quantum walk.
Abstract Protein-DNA interactions play a fundamental role in all life systems. A critical issue of such interactions is given by the strategy of protein search for specific targets on DNA. The mechanisms by which the protein are able to find relatively small cognate sequences, typically 15-20 base pairs (bps) for repressors, and 4-6 bps for restriction enzymes among the millions of bp of non-specific chromosomal DNA have hardly engaged researchers for decades. Recent experimental studies have generated new insights on the basic processes of protein-DNA interactions evidencing the underlying complex dynamic phenomena...
Source: Biosystems - December 30, 2020 Category: Biotechnology Authors: D'Acunto M Tags: Biosystems Source Type: research

Visual search in neurodevelopmental disorders: evidence towards a continuum of impairment
AbstractDisorders with neurodevelopmental aetiology such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Schizophrenia share commonalities at many levels of investigation despite phenotypic differences. Evidence of genetic overlap has led to the concept of a continuum of neurodevelopmental impairment along which these disorders can be positioned in aetiological, pathophysiological and developmental features. This concept requires their simultaneous comparison at different levels, which has not been accomplished so far. Given that cognitive impairments are core to the pathophysiology o...
Source: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - March 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research