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Highlights into historical and current immune interventions for cancer
Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Feb 27;117:109882. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109882. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTImmunotherapy is an additional pillar when combined with traditional standards of care such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery for cancer patients. It has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor immunology. Several types of immunotherapies, including adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) and checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), can induce durable clinical responses. However, their efficacies vary, and only subsets of cancer patients benefit from their use. In this review, we address three goal...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - February 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kathryn Cole Zaid Al-Kadhimi James E Talmadge Source Type: research

Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines
World J Clin Oncol. 2022 Aug 24;13(8):663-674. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.663.ABSTRACTFor centuries, therapeutic cancer vaccines have been developed and tried clinically. Way back in the late 19th century, the Father of Immunotherapy, William Coley had discovered that bacterial toxins were effective for inoperable sarcomas. In the 1970s, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine was repurposed, e.g., for advanced melanomas. Then, therapeutic cancer vaccines based on tumor-associated antigens (found on the surfaces of cancer cells) were tried clinically but apparently have not made a really significant clinical impact. For ...
Source: Clinical Prostate Cancer - September 26, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shiu-Ying Tsao Source Type: research

BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents
Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 May 17;108:108870. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108870. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its variants have brought unprecedented impacts to the global public health system, politics, economy, and other fields. Although more than ten COVID-19 specific vaccines have been approved for emergency use, COVID-19 prevention and control still face many challenges. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only authorized vaccine used to fight against tuberculosis (TB), it has been hy...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - May 21, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wenping Gong Yingqing Mao Yuexi Li Yong Qi Source Type: research

Development of Cancer Immunotherapies
Cancer Treat Res. 2022;183:1-48. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_1.ABSTRACTCancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of components of the immune system to target and eliminate cancer, has become a highly active area of research in the past several decades and a common treatment strategy for several cancer types. The concept of harnessing the immune system for this purpose originated over 100 years ago when a physician by the name of William Coley successfully treated several of his cancer patients with a combination of live and attenuated bacteria, later known as "Coley's Toxins", after observing a subset of prior patients e...
Source: Cell Research - May 13, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Diana C DeLucia John K Lee Source Type: research

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) induces superior anti-tumour responses by V δ2 + T-cells compared to the aminobisphosphonate drug Zoledronic acid
Clin Exp Immunol. 2022 Apr 11:uxac032. doi: 10.1093/cei/uxac032. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVδ2 + T-cells can recognise malignantly transformed cells as well as those infected with mycobacteria. This cross-reactivity supports the idea of using mycobacteria to manipulate Vδ2 + T-cells in cancer immunotherapy. To date, therapeutic interventions using Vδ2 + T-cells in cancer have involved expanding these cells in or ex vivo using zoledronic acid (ZA). Here, we show that the mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) also causes Vδ2 + T-cell expansion in vitro and that resulting Vδ2 + cell populations are cytotoxic ...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - April 11, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: J Fenn L A Ridgley A White C Sarfas M Dennis A Dalgleish R Reljic S Sharpe M Bodman-Smith Source Type: research

Recombinant BCGs for tuberculosis and bladder cancer
Vaccine. 2021 Sep 27:S0264-410X(21)01231-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.040. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis. It may be the most widely used vaccine in human history and is the only licensed human tuberculosis (TB) vaccine available. Despite its excellent safety history, a century of use in global vaccination programs, and its significant contribution to reducing TB mortality among children, the efficacy of BCG continues to be disputed due to its incomplete protection against pulmonary TB in adults. Still vaccines offer the best ch...
Source: Vaccine - October 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alok K Singh Geetha Srikrishna Trinity J Bivalacqua William R Bishai Source Type: research