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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Flight muscle power increases with strain amplitude and decreases with cycle frequency in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) RESEARCH ARTICLE
Joseph W. Bahlman, Vikram B. Baliga, and Douglas L. Altshuler Birds that use high flapping frequencies can modulate aerodynamic force by varying wing velocity, which is primarily a function of stroke amplitude and wingbeat frequency. Previous measurements from zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) flying across a range of speeds in a wind tunnel demonstrate that although the birds modulated both wingbeat kinematic parameters, they exhibited greater changes in stroke amplitude. These two kinematic parameters contribute equally to aerodynamic force, so the preference for modulating amplitude over frequency may instead derive ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - November 12, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Bahlman, J. W., Baliga, V. B., Altshuler, D. L. Tags: Comparative biomechanics of movement RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Poststroke dendritic arbor regrowth requires the actin nucleator Cobl
by Yuanyuan Ji, Dennis Koch, Jule Gonz ález Delgado, Madlen Günther, Otto W. Witte, Michael M. Kessels, Christiane Frahm, Britta Qualmann Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability. We demonstrate that middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice leads to a strong decline in dendritic arborization of penumbral neurons. These defects were subsequently repaired by an ipsilateral recovery process requiring th e actin nucleator Cobl. Ischemic stroke and excitotoxicity, caused by calpain-mediated proteolysis, significantly reduced Cobl levels. In an apparently unique manner among excitotoxicity-aff...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - December 13, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Yuanyuan Ji Source Type: research

Daily variation in time-trial sporting performance: A systematic review
Chronobiol Int. 2022 Jul 11:1-16. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2090373. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFew functional measures related to time-trial display diurnal variation. The diversity of tests/protocols used to assess time-trial performance on diurnal effects and the lack of a standardised approach hinder agreement in the literature. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to time-of-day differences in time-trial measures and to examine the main aspects related to research design important for studies of a chronobiological nature. The entire content of...
Source: Chronobiology International - July 11, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Tulasiram Bommasamudram Aishwarya Ravindrakumar Evdokia Varamenti David Tod Ben J Edwards Irene G Peter Samuel A Pullinger Source Type: research

Elabela-APJ axis attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis
Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 Jan 18:S0891-5849(23)00009-6. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFerroptosis is a form of non-apoptotic cell death caused by iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids. It contributes to ischemic stroke-induced neuronal damage. Elabela (ELA), a novel endogenous ligand for Apelin receptor (APJ), regulates oxidative stress and exerts a protective role in cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of ELA-APJ axis on cellular ferroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remains elusive. The present study showed that ELA and APJ were expressed on neurons and incre...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 21, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Pengfei Xu Lingqi Kong Chunrong Tao Yuyou Zhu Juan Cheng Wenyu Li Nan Shen Rui Li Chao Zhang Li Wang Yan Zhang Guoping Wang Xinfeng Liu Wen Sun Wei Hu Source Type: research

Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
The world of stem cells We know the human body comprises many cell types (e.g., blood cells, skin cells, cervical cells), but we often forget to appreciate that all of these different cell types arose from a single cell—the fertilized egg. A host of sequential, awe-inspiring events occur between the fertilization of an egg and the formation of a new individual: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are also called totipotent cells. The first steps involve making more cells by simple cell division: one cell becomes two cells; two cells become four cells, etc. Each cell of early development is undifferentiated; that is, it is...
Source: ActionBioscience - December 28, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Ali Hochberg Source Type: news

Ability of brain to protect itself from damage revealed
(University of Oxford) The origin of an innate ability the brain has to protect itself from damage that occurs in stroke has been explained for the first time. The Oxford University researchers hope that harnessing this inbuilt biological mechanism, identified in rats, could help in treating stroke and preventing other neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - February 24, 2013 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Molecular Mechanical Differences between Isoforms of Contractile Actin in the Presence of Isoforms of Smooth Muscle Tropomyosin
by Lennart Hilbert, Genevieve Bates, Horia N. Roman, Jenna L. Blumenthal, Nedjma B. Zitouni, Apolinary Sobieszek, Michael C. Mackey, Anne-Marie Lauzon The proteins involved in smooth muscle's molecular contractile mechanism – the anti-parallel motion of actin and myosin filaments driven by myosin heads interacting with actin – are found as different isoforms. While their expression levels are altered in disease states, their relevance to the mechanical interaction of myosin with actin is not sufficiently understood. Here, we analyzed in vitro actin filament propulsion by smooth muscle myosin for -actin (A), -actin-tro...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - October 24, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Lennart Hilbert et al. Source Type: research

Ligustilide ameliorates neuroinflammation and brain injury in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats: involvement of inhibition of TLR4/peroxiredoxin 6 signaling.
Abstract Blocking TLR4/Peroxiredoxin (Prx6) signaling is proposed to be a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke because extracellular Prx6 released from ischemic cells may act as an endogenous ligand for TLR4 and initiate destructive immune responses in ischemic brain. Our previous studies showed that ligustilide (LIG) exerted antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects against ischemic insult, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigated whether the TLR4/Prx6 pathway is involved in the protective effect of LIG against post-ischemic neuroinflammation and brain injury ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 25, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Kuang X, Wang LF, Yu L, Li YJ, Wang YN, He Q, Chen C, Du JR Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research