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Specialty: Speech-Language Pathology

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Total 1019 results found since Jan 2013.

Assessment and treatment of short-term and working memory impairments in stroke aphasia: a practical tutorial.
CONCLUSIONS: The links between short-term/working memory functioning and language in aphasia are generally acknowledged. These strongly indicate the need to incorporate assessment of short-term/working memory functioning for people with aphasia. While the supportive evidence for treatment is growing and appears to highlight the benefits of including short-term/working memory in aphasia treatment, the quality of the evidence in its current state is poor. However, because of the clinical needs of people with aphasia and the prevalence of short-term/working memory impairments, incorporating related treatments through practice...
Source: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders - June 30, 2015 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Salis C, Kelly H, Code C Tags: Int J Lang Commun Disord Source Type: research

Swallowing Tablets and Capsules Increases the Risk of Penetration and Aspiration in Patients with Stroke-Induced Dysphagia
Abstract We evaluated the prevalence of difficulties swallowing solid dosage forms in patients with stroke-induced dysphagia and whether swallowing tablets/capsules increases their risk of penetration and aspiration. Concurrently, we explored whether routinely performed assessment tests help identify patients at risk. Using video endoscopy, we evaluated how 52 patients swallowed four different placebos (round, oval, and oblong tablets and a capsule) with texture-modified water (TMW, pudding consistency) and milk and rated their swallowing performance according to the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS). Additionall...
Source: Dysphagia - July 24, 2015 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: research

A Comparative Study Between Modified Starch and Xanthan Gum Thickeners in Post-Stroke Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Abstract Thickeners are used in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) as a compensatory therapeutic strategy against aspirations. To compare the therapeutic effects of modified starch (MS) and xanthan gum (XG) thickeners on swallow safety and efficacy in chronic post-stroke OD patients using clinical and videofluoroscopic (VFS) assessment. Patients were studied by clinical assessment (volume-viscosity swallow test, V-VST) and VFS using 3 volumes (5, 10, 20 mL) and 3 viscosities (liquid, nectar and spoon thick), comparing MS and XG. We studied 122 patients (46MS, 76XG). (A) V-VST showed that both thickeners sim...
Source: Dysphagia - November 25, 2015 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: research

What Factors Predict Who Will Have a Strong Social Network Following a Stroke?
Purpose Measures of social networks assess the number and nature of a person's social contacts, and strongly predict health outcomes. We explored how social networks change following a stroke and analyzed concurrent and baseline predictors of social networks 6 months poststroke.Method We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study. Participants were assessed 2 weeks (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months poststroke. Measures comprised the Stroke Social Network Scale (Northcott& Hilari, 2013), Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (Sherbourne& Stewart, 1991), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (Brott...
Source: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research - August 1, 2016 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: research

The role of the right hemisphere in the recovery of stroke-related aphasia: A systematic review
This report contains a systematic review of the literature concerning the debated role of the right hemisphere in the recovery from stroke-related aphasia. The existing literature was approached using the PICOS principle and well-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Although many gaps remain in the knowledge on the role of the right hemisphere, there is some evidence of a facilitation of spontaneous language recovery in the acute and subacute phase. In the subacute and chronic phase, the right hemisphere homologous language areas, along with memory and attention-related areas, facilitate treatment related improvem...
Source: Journal of Neurolinguistics - May 7, 2017 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: research

Lesions Responsible for Delayed Oral Transit Time in Post-stroke Dysphagia
ConclusionDelayed oral phase in post-stroke patients was not negligible clinically. Patients ’ cognitive impairments affect the oral transit time. When adjusting it, we found a trend that the lesion responsible for delayed oral phase was located in the left frontal lobe, though the association did not reach significance. The delay might be related to praxis function.
Source: Dysphagia - October 11, 2017 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research

Speech and language therapists' perspectives of therapeutic alliance construction and maintenance in aphasia rehabilitation post-stroke.
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: The findings suggest that therapists used multiple, complex, relational strategies to establish and manage alliances with people with aphasia, which were reliant on a fluid interplay of verbal and non-verbal skills. The data highlight the need for further training to support therapists to forge purposive alliances. Training should develop: therapeutic reflexivity; inclusivity in goal setting, relational strategies; and motivational enhancement techniques. The conceptualization of therapeutic alliance, however, is only provisional. Further research is essential to elucidate the experiences an...
Source: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders - January 18, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Lawton M, Sage K, Haddock G, Conroy P, Serrant L Tags: Int J Lang Commun Disord Source Type: research

Contemporary Approaches to the Management of Post-stroke Apraxia of Speech.
This article focuses on these recent advances. Studies investigating acoustic evaluation of AOS will be reviewed, as well as those that have considered the extent that neuroimaging can guide clinical decision making. Developments in the treatment of AOS will also be discussed. Although more research is needed regarding the use of these methods in everyday clinical practice, the studies reviewed here show promise as emerging tools for the management of AOS. PMID: 29359303 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Seminars in Speech and Language - January 25, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Basilakos A Tags: Semin Speech Lang Source Type: research

Dysarthria following Stroke.
Abstract Dysarthria is a common consequence of stroke and can have a detrimental influence on communication and quality of life. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play an important role in the evaluation and rehabilitation of stroke survivors who present with dysarthria. An understanding of the physiologic reason behind the altered speech characteristics, such as weakness or incoordination, can facilitate differential diagnosis, guide evaluation strategies, and influence treatment approaches. An initial comprehensive speech evaluation is comprised of examination of the speech mechanism, screening of speech subsy...
Source: Seminars in Speech and Language - January 25, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Spencer KA, Brown KA Tags: Semin Speech Lang Source Type: research

Neural Mechanisms of Swallowing Dysfunction and Apraxia of Speech in Acute Stroke
AbstractSpeech and swallowing utilize overlapping anatomy and are thus inherently related processes. We sought to identify common neural mechanisms between risk of swallowing dysfunction and apraxia of speech (AOS). This was a retrospective analysis using data from a prospectively collected cohort. Left hemisphere stroke patients (68 subjects) tested with the Apraxia Battery for Adults II, a swallow screen, and MRI were included in the study. Main outcome measure was the presence of AOS or aspiration risk after stroke. We identified a significant association between AOS measures and increased aspiration risk (defined by fa...
Source: Dysphagia - February 24, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research

Cilostazol is Effective to Prevent Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Patients Receiving Tube Feeding
AbstractStroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a frequent complication in acute ischemic stroke (IS) patients, especially those receiving tube feeding (TF). In this retrospective study, we investigated whether or not cilostazol, a pluripotent phosphodiesterase III-specific inhibitor with anti-platelet and vasculogenic effects, can prevent SAP in these patients and reduce their duration of stay in intensive care unit/hospitalization. We recruited 158 IS patients receiving TF. Patients ’ characteristics (including age, gender, past history), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and serum albumin level on admission, conc...
Source: Dysphagia - April 21, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research

Effect of type of language therapy on expressive language skills in patients with post-stroke aphasia.
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that the maximization of quantity and frequency of language therapy have a significant impact on the improvement of expressive language ability. Moreover, if practised early in aphasia therapy, the constrained usage of the language modality, as practised in CIAT, confers an additional benefit to massed practice, particularly on naming ability. PMID: 29749688 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders - May 10, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Vuksanović J, Milovanović T, Konstantinović L, Filipović SR Tags: Int J Lang Commun Disord Source Type: research

Engaging people experiencing communication disability in stroke rehabilitation: a qualitative study.
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Patient engagement was constructed through relationships and strongly influenced by the practitioners' way of thinking about and enacting practice, challenging the idea that engagement is solely an intrinsic patient state and behaviour. The findings raise questions about which aspects of rehabilitation work and communication are most valuable when working to engage people experiencing communication disability. Viewing engagement as a relational practice and understanding the different ways this is enacted may support practitioners to reflect on their understandings of engagement, their patie...
Source: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders - July 13, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Bright FAS, Kayes NM, McPherson KM, Worrall LE Tags: Int J Lang Commun Disord Source Type: research

Cilostazol is Effective to Prevent Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Patients Receiving Tube Feeding
AbstractStroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a frequent complication in acute ischemic stroke (IS) patients, especially those receiving tube feeding (TF). In this retrospective study, we investigated whether or not cilostazol, a pluripotent phosphodiesterase III-specific inhibitor with anti-platelet and vasculogenic effects, can prevent SAP in these patients and reduce their duration of stay in intensive care unit/hospitalization. We recruited 158 IS patients receiving TF. Patients ’ characteristics (including age, gender, past history), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and serum albumin level on admission, conc...
Source: Dysphagia - October 1, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research

Neural Mechanisms of Swallowing Dysfunction and Apraxia of Speech in Acute Stroke
AbstractSpeech and swallowing utilize overlapping anatomy and are thus inherently related processes. We sought to identify common neural mechanisms between risk of swallowing dysfunction and apraxia of speech (AOS). This was a retrospective analysis using data from a prospectively collected cohort. Left hemisphere stroke patients (68 subjects) tested with the Apraxia Battery for Adults II, a swallow screen, and MRI were included in the study. Main outcome measure was the presence of AOS or aspiration risk after stroke. We identified a significant association between AOS measures and increased aspiration risk (defined by fa...
Source: Dysphagia - October 1, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research