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Nutrition: Sodium Chloride

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Total 383 results found since Jan 2013.

Less Sodium, More Potassium, or Both: Population-wide Strategies to Prevent Hypertension
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2023 Jun 1. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00007.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHypertension is among the most prevalent medical conditions globally and a major contributor to chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and death. Prevention through non-pharmacologic, population-level interventions is critically needed to halt this worldwide epidemic. However, there are ongoing debates as to where public policy efforts should focus. Recently the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study demonstrated the efficacy of substituting table salt with potassium salt to reduce the risk of stroke, major cardiovasc...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology - June 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Voravech Nissaisorakarn George Ormseth William Earle Martha Catalina Morales-Alvarez Swapnil Hiremath Stephen P Juraschek Source Type: research

Salt (sodium chloride) content of retail samples of Nigerian white bread: implications for the daily salt intake of normotensive and hypertensive adults
ConclusionsThe consumption of some brands of bread by normotensive and hypertensive adults puts them at great risk of exceeding their recommended daily allowance for salt. Thus, there is an urgent need to regulate the amount of salt added to bread. In the interim, compelling bakers to declare the salt content of their products on the packaging could help consumers, especially hypertensive adults, avoid brands with a high salt content.
Source: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics - February 1, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: B. C. Nwanguma, C. H. Okorie Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Metabolomic Identification of a Novel Pathway of Blood Pressure Regulation Involving Hexadecanedioate Metabolomics
High blood pressure is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and discovering novel causal pathways of blood pressure regulation has been challenging. We tested blood pressure associations with 280 fasting blood metabolites in 3980 TwinsUK females. Survival analysis for all-cause mortality was performed on significant independent metabolites (P<8.9x10–5). Replication was conducted in 2 independent cohorts KORA (n=1494) and Hertfordshire (n=1515). Three independent animal experiments were performed to establish causality: (1) blood pressure change after increasing circulating metabolite levels in Wista...
Source: Hypertension - July 8, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Menni, C., Graham, D., Kastenmuller, G., Alharbi, N. H. J., Alsanosi, S. M., McBride, M., Mangino, M., Titcombe, P., Shin, S.-Y., Psatha, M., Geisendorfer, T., Huber, A., Peters, A., Wang-Sattler, R., Xu, T., Brosnan, M. J., Trimmer, J., Reichel, C., Mohn Tags: Clinical Studies Metabolomics Source Type: research

High Salt Intake: Independent Risk Factor for Obesity? Salt Intake
High salt intake is the major cause of raised blood pressure and accordingly leads to cardiovascular diseases. Recently, it has been shown that high salt intake is associated with an increased risk of obesity through sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Increasing evidence also suggests a direct link. Our study aimed to determine whether there was a direct association between salt intake and obesity independent of energy intake. We analyzed the data from the rolling cross-sectional study–the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008/2009 to 2011/2012. We included 458 children (52% boys; age, 10±4 years) and ...
Source: Hypertension - September 9, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ma, Y., He, F. J., MacGregor, G. A. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Other hypertension Salt Intake Source Type: research

Impact of Salt Intake on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hypertension.
Authors: Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C Abstract Excessive dietary salt (sodium chloride) intake is associated with an increased risk for hypertension, which in turn is especially a major risk factor for stroke and other cardiovascular pathologies, but also kidney diseases. Besides, high salt intake or preference for salty food is discussed to be positive associated with stomach cancer, and according to recent studies probably also obesity risk. On the other hand a reduction of dietary salt intake leads to a considerable reduction in blood pressure, especially in hypertensive patients but to a lesser extent also in normoten...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - October 22, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Controlling hypertension and reducing its associated morbidity and mortality in the Caribbean: implications of race and ethnicity
This article focuses on potential racial and ethnic differences in influences on the pathophysiology of hypertension in the Caribbean region of the world. The identification of such differences may be used in the development of population hypertension control strategies and treatment approach that address the excess disease burden in these populations. The consideration of strategies, such as salt reduction and hypertension awareness and treatment, are particularly relevant to the high‐risk Caribbean region.
Source: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension - July 1, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Paige Colgrove, Kenneth L. Connell, Daniel T. Lackland, Pedro Ordunez, Donald J. DiPette Tags: ORIGINAL PAPER Source Type: research

Adherence to the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality in the Rotterdam Study
AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the 2015 food-based Dutch dietary guidelines, which were formulated based on evidence on the relation between diet and major chronic diseases. We studied 9701 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort in individuals aged 45  years and over [median 64.1 years (95%-range 49.0–82.8)]. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a food-frequency questionnaire. For all participants, we examined adherence (yes/no) to fourteen items of the guidelines: vegetables (≥200 g/day), fruit (≥200 g/day), whole-grains (≥90  g/day), legumes...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 19, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Effects of reducing processed culinary ingredients and ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian diet: a cardiovascular modelling study.
CONCLUSIONS: Substantial potential exists for reducing the CVD burden through overall improvements of the Brazilian diet. This might require reducing the penetration of ultra-processed foods by means of regulatory policies, as well as improving the access to and promotion of fresh and minimally processed foods. PMID: 28885137 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Public Health Nutrition - September 8, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Moreira PV, Hyseni L, Moubarac JC, Martins APB, Baraldi LG, Capewell S, O'Flaherty M, Guzman-Castillo M Tags: Public Health Nutr Source Type: research

Abstract 104: Cerebrovascular and Cognitive Dysfunction in DOCA-Salt Hypertension is Mediated by Perivascular Macrophages Session Title: Salt and Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN) and high-salt diets are important risk factors for stroke and dementia. DOCA-salt is a recognized model of HTN driven by sodium retention and brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation. However, it is unknown whether essential mechanisms regulating the cerebral circulation are altered in DOCA-salt mice, and, if so, whether these alterations are associated with cognitive impairment. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were implanted with 50mg DOCA pellets SQ and received 0.9% NaCl drinking water for 3 weeks. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in the somatosensory cortex by laser-Doppler flowmetry through a...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Monica M Santisteban, Giuseppe Faraco, Gianfranco Racchumi, Josef Anrather, Costantino Iadecola Tags: Oral Abstract Presentations Source Type: research

Abstract P279: Mapping of Chromosome 2 Differentially Expressed Aortic Genes Linked to Vascular Inflammation Using Congenic Rats Fed a High-salt Diet Session Title: Onsite Poster Competition II
Background: Three congenic rat strains (SB2a, SB2b and SB2e) were created by chromosome (Chr) 2 fragment introgression from normotensive Brown Norway (BN) rats into hypertensive Dahl salt sensitive (SS) background. SB2a and SB2b rats fed a normal-salt diet presented reduced blood pressure (BP) and inflammation when compared to SS rats. We hypothesized that BN-Chr2 contains antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory genes that could prevent high-salt diet (HSD)-induced BP elevation and vascular injury in SB2a and SB2b rats. These genes will be identified using microRNA (miRNA) and total RNA expression profiling analysis in aort...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Olga Berillo, Sofiane Ouerd, Ku-Geng Huo, Chantal Richer, Daniel Sinnett, Anne E Kwitek, Pierre Paradis, Ernesto L Schiffrin Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research

Abstract P334: Persistent Adrenomedullin Derivative Inhibits Development of Hypertension Session Title: Salt and Hypertension
Human adrenomedullin (hAM) consists of a 52 amino acid peptide that is amidated and has a disulfide bond. The bioactive peptide hAM has a variety of physiological functions, such as vasodilatation, hormone secretion, neurotransmission, embryogenesis, wound healing and immunoregulation. hAM has shown several therapeutic effects in experimental models of various diseases, including ischemic heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, stroke and retinochoroidal disease. However, these therapies required continuous administration of hAM as the half-life of native hAM is quite short in blood. To resolve these issues, the aim of ...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sayaka Nagata, Motoo Yamasaki, Kazuo Kitamura Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research

Abstract P441: Accelerated Age-dependent Cardiovascular and Cognitive Decline in Dahl-S Rats is Associated with Elevated Levels of an Endogenous Na/K-ATPase Inhibitor Session Title: Hypertension and Aging and Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke
Age-associated central arterial stiffening contributes to both cerebral arterial fibrosis and to cognitive impairment. Accelerated aging, accompanied by a gradual increase in blood pressure (BP) and aortic remodeling, occurs in Dahl-S rats (DSS) vs. normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (S-D) counterparts even in the absence of a high salt intake. A novel pro-hypertensive factor marinobufagenin (MBG) is implicated in DSS hypertension. Here we determined whether an increase in MBG is also implicated in age-associated arterial remodeling in DSS.Methods: Life span was measured in 60 S-D and 78 DSS. BP, pulse wave velocity (PWV), b...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Olga V Fedorova, Yulia N Grigorova, Jeffrey M Long, Rebecca L McPherson, Ondrej Juhasz, Wen Wei, Valentina Zernetkina, Natalia Petrashevskaya, Kenneth W Fishbein, Richard G Spencer, Peter R Rapp, Edward G Lakatta Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research

Abstract P442: Estradiol Treatment Attenuates the Ovariectomy-induced Increase in Blood Pressure in the Middle Aged Dahl Salt Sensitive Rat as Long as Treatment is Initiated Immediately After Ovariectomy Session Title: Hypertension and Aging and Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke
Introduction: Several studies have shown that ovariectomy increases blood pressure and that 17beta-estradiol (E2) treatment can attenuate this effect; however, the majority of these studies were conducted in young animals in which E2 replacement was initiated soon after ovariectomy. Since most women who experience ovarian hormone loss are middle aged rather than young, this study investigated the effect of E2 replacement in middle aged Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. In addition, the time at which E2 replacement was initiated was examined.Methods: DS rats were ovariectomized (OVX) at 4.5 months (mo) (DS-OVXY) and 7mo (DS-OV...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hong Ji, Crystal A West, Xie Wu, Amrita Pai, Aline Souza, Parnika Kadam, David A West, Michelle J Zhu, Kathryn Sandberg Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research

Abstract P445: Sympathetic and Renal Mechanisms of Age-related Hypertension Session Title: Hypertension and Aging and Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke
Hypothesis: Sympathoexcitation and sodium retention contribute to age-related hypertension (HTN).Methods: Three, 8, and 16 month old male SD rats underwent an IV volume expansion (VE; 5% BW) and MAP, HR, urine output and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neuronal activation (c-Fos expression) were assessed. In separate groups of rats fed a 21 day normal (NS; 0.6% NaCl) or high salt (HS; 4% NaCl) diet, measures of 1) ex vivo afferent renal nerve (ARN) activity (norepinephrine (NE)-evoked substance P release) or 2) MAP, HR, NCC activity (ΔUNaV to IV HCTZ, 2mg/kg) and sympathetic tone (plasma and renal NE content, ΔMAP to IV he...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Richard D Wainford, Alissa A Frame Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research

Marine OMEGA-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Abstract Omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are two classes of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from linoleic acid (18:2ω6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3ω3), respectively. Enzymatic metabolism of linoleic and α-linolenic acids generates arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3; EPA), respectively, both of which are substrates for enzymes that yield eicosanoids with multiple and varying physiological functions. Further elongation and desaturation of EPA yields the 22-carbon fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3; DHA). The main dietary source of EPA and DHA for human cons...
Source: Fitoterapia - September 27, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mori TA Tags: Fitoterapia Source Type: research