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Expert Review on Nonsurgical Management of Parapneumonic Effusion: Advances, Controversies, and New Directions
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Aug;44(4):468-476. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1769095. Epub 2023 Jul 10.ABSTRACTParapneumonic effusion and empyema are rising in incidence worldwide, particularly in association with comorbidities in an aging population. Also driving this change is the widespread uptake of pneumococcal vaccines, leading to the emergence of nonvaccine-type pneumococci and other bacteria. Early treatment with systemic antibiotics is essential but should be guided by local microbial guidelines and antimicrobial resistance patterns due to significant geographical variation. Thoracic ultrasound has emerged as a leading...
Source: Respiratory Care - July 10, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Deirdre B Fitzgerald Eva Polverino Grant W Waterer Source Type: research

Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of < em > Streptococcus pneumoniae < /em > in children under 5 years of age pre- and post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Paraguay
Conclusion. A change in the circulating serotypes and antimicrobial resistance to certain antibiotics was observed. Non-vaccine serotype circulation and multidrug resistance may compromise the success of the conjugate vaccines.PMID:37289483 | DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.001700
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - June 8, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mar ía Eugenia León Margarita Samudio An íbal Kawabata Minako Nagai Liliana Rojas Noem í Zárate Juan Irala Myrian Leguizam ón Gloria G ómez Juana Ortellado Raquel Blasco Rossana Franco Gustavo Chamorro Source Type: research

Pneumococcal serotypes and antibiotic resistance in healthy carriage children after introduction of PCV13 in Lima, Peru
CONCLUSION: The introduction of PCV13 in the immunization program in Peru has decreased the pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and the frequency of PCV13 serotypes; however, there has been an increase in non-PCV13 serotypes and antimicrobial resistance.PMID:37270366 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.042
Source: Vaccine - June 3, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Brayan E Gonzales Erik H Mercado Franco Castillo-Tokumori Andrea E Montero Alessandra Luna-Muschi Madhelli Marcelo-Ragas Francisco Campos Eduardo Chaparro Olguita Del Águila Mar ía E Castillo Andr és Saenz Isabel Reyes Roger Hernandez Theresa J Ochoa Source Type: research

Prevalence, capsular types, antimicrobial resistance and risk factors associated with pneumococcal carriage among children after long-term 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in Brazil
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term universal childhood use of PCV10 has nearly eliminated carriage with PCV10 serotypes, but the high frequency of MDR isolates, especially associated with serotype 6C/D, remains a concern. Replacing PCV10 with PCV13 should reduce the proportion of ERY-R isolates and PNSP by at least 14% and 18%, respectively.PMID:37061371 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.023
Source: Vaccine - April 15, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Let ícia B D P Fortuna Filipe M Miranda Isa M F Antunes Amanda B Silva Amanda S Cabral Ítalo M Dolores Nayara T Cardoso-Marques L úcia M Teixeira Felipe P G Neves Source Type: research

Carriage prevalence, serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance, pspA typing and pilus islets of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from adults living in a Brazilian urban slum
CONCLUSION: We detected a low frequency of pneumococcal carriage among the adult population, but a high diversity of serotypes. Frequencies of PNSP and NT isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents are concerning.PMID:36690557 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.034
Source: Vaccine - January 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Amanda Beiral da Silva Nayara Torres Cardoso-Marques Ítalo de Moraes Dolores L úcia Martins Teixeira Felipe Piedade Gon çalves Neves Source Type: research

Association of pili with widespread multidrug-resistant genetic lineages of non-invasive pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates
We examined 147 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with respiratory tract infections and acute otitis media. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination and capsule swelling reaction. Serogroup 6 was subjected to PCR-serotyping. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined according to EUCAST breakpoints. PCRs for rlrA and pitB genes were performed to detect a presence of type 1 and type 2 pili. MLST was conducted to define the clonal structure of the piliated strains. Almost all children (96.5%) were vaccinated with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV10. We detected 76.8% non-PCV10 - serotypes (NV...
Source: Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica - September 12, 2022 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alexandra Sashova Alexandrova Daniela Rosenova Pencheva Lena Petrova Setchanova Raina Tsvetanova Gergova Source Type: research

Factors affecting antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae following vaccination introduction
Trends Microbiol. 2022 Jul 14:S0966-842X(22)00143-3. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.06.001. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and septicaemia worldwide. Pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been highlighted by the WHO as an important public health concern, with emerging serotypes showing resistance to multiple antibiotics. Indeed, although the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has been associated with an overall decline in pneumococcal AMR, there have been increases in prevalence of potentially disease-causing AMR serotypes not targete...
Source: Trends in Microbiology - July 17, 2022 Category: Microbiology Authors: Eleanor Rose Watkins Akuzike Kalizang'Oma Andrea Gori Sunetra Gupta Robert S Heyderman Source Type: research

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