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Infectious Disease: HIV AIDS

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Latin America
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 868-875 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592076Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. Poverty, socioeconomic factors, and malnutrition influence the incidence and outcome of CAP in LAC. In LAC, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent microorganism responsible for CAP, (incidence: 24–78%); the incidence of atypical microorganisms is similar to other regions of the world. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a growing problem in the LAC region, with th...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - December 12, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Iannella, Hern án A. Luna, Carlos M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Temporal trends in critical events complicating HIV infection: 1999–2010 multicentre cohort study in France
Conclusions Progressive ageing, increasing prevalence of comorbidities (mainly malignancies), a steady decline in AIDS-related illnesses and improved benefits from life-sustaining therapies were the main temporal trends in HIV-infected patients requiring ICU admission.
Source: Intensive Care Medicine - September 19, 2014 Category: Intensive Care Source Type: research

Ethical and practical considerations in providing critical care to patients with Ebola virus disease.
Abstract Abstract: Infectious disease epidemics in the past have given rise to psychological and emotional responses among health care workers stemming from fear of infection during patient care. Early experiences in the AIDS epidemic provide an example where fear of contagion resulted in differential treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, with a deeper understanding of AIDS pathogenesis and treatment, fear and discrimination diminished. Parallels exist between early experiences with AIDS and the present outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa particularly in regar...
Source: Chest - March 12, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Torabi-Parizi P, Davey RT, Suffredini AF, Chertow DS Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Smoking Cessation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 491-507DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555610Smoking cessation is the most effective strategy for slowing down the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and reducing mortality in the approximately 50% of patients with diagnosed COPD who continue to smoke. While behavioral interventions (including simple advice) have modest efficacy in improving smoking quit rates, the combination of counseling and pharmacotherapy is more effective than either alone. When combined with even brief counseling, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion SR, and varenicline have all been shown ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 3, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tashkin, Donald P. Source Type: research

Characteristics and Outcome of Patients With AIDS in Dutch ICUs Between 1997 and 2014*
Objective: Knowledge on characteristics and outcome of ICU patients with AIDS is highly limited. We aimed to determine the main reasons for admission and outcome in ICU patients with AIDS and trends over time therein. Design: A retrospective study within the Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation registry. Setting: Dutch ICUs. Patients: We used data collected between 1997 and 2014. Characteristics of patients with AIDS were compared with ICU patients without AIDS, matched for age, sex, admission type, and admission year. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to study trends over time. Interventions: None. Measur...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - January 16, 2016 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Clinical Investigations Source Type: research

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 243-256DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1579556The presentation of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in previously healthy men having sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco and New York City in 1981 heralded the beginning of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. Despite a decreasing incidence of PCP among patients with HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s, PCP remains one of the most common AIDS-defining opportunistic infections in the United States and Western Europe. Newer molecular diagnostic tests in conjunction ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - March 14, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Siegel, MarcMasur, HenryKovacs, Joseph Source Type: research

Lung Malignancies in HIV Infection
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 267-276DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1578803Pulmonary malignancies are a major source of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. Non–AIDS-defining lung cancers (mostly non-small cell lung cancers) are now a leading cause of cancer death among HIV-infected persons. HIV-associated factors appear to affect the risk of lung cancer and may adversely impact cancer treatment and outcomes. HIV infection also may modify the potential harms and benefits of lung cancer screening with computed tomography. AIDS-defining lung malignancies include pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma and pulmonary lymphoma, both...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - March 14, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sigel, KeithPitts, RobertCrothers, Kristina Source Type: research

Noninfectious and Nonneoplastic Conditions Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 289-302DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1572560The goal of this review is to describe evolving epidemiology of noninfectious, nonneoplastic pulmonary complications of HIV infection, including HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (HIV-PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). The development of antiretroviral therapy has rendered HIV a chronic illness in treated patients, and the landscape of HIV-associated medical conditions continues to evolve. Although there has been a shift away from AIDS-defining infectious diseases and malignancies, HIV-PAH continues to affect survival adversely when ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - March 14, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: George, M. PatriciaSingh, VikasGladwin, Mark T. Source Type: research

Evaluation and Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Lung DiseaseEvaluation and Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Lung Disease
Find out about the diagnostic approaches to lung diseases associated with HIV. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Source: Medscape Hiv-Aids Headlines - June 15, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Pulmonary Medicine Journal Article Source Type: news

Checklist as a Memory Externalization Tool during a Critical Care Process.
Authors: Sarcevic A, Zhang Z, Marsic I, Burd RS Abstract We analyzed user interactions with a paper-based checklist in a regional trauma center to inform the design of digital cognitive aids for safety-critical medical teamwork. An initial review of paper checklists from actual trauma resuscitations revealed that trauma team leaders frequently wrote notes on the checklist. To understand this notetaking practice, we performed content analysis of 163 checklists collected over the period of four months. We found nine major categories of information that leaders recorded during resuscitations, including patient values,...
Source: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings - August 15, 2017 Category: Bioinformatics Tags: AMIA Annu Symp Proc Source Type: research

Health Care Needs Its Rosa Parks Moment
BY SHANNON BROWNLEE On Wednesday, October 25, 2017 I was at the inaugural Society for Participatory Medicine conference. It was a fantastic day and the ending keynote was the superb Shannon Brownlee. It was great to catch up with her and I’m grateful that she agreed to let THCB publish her speech. Settle back with a cup of coffee (or as it’s Thanksgiving, perhaps something stronger), and enjoy–Matthew Holt George Burns once said, the secret to a good sermon is to have a good beginning and a good ending—and to have the two as close together as possible. I think the same is true of final keynotes after a...
Source: The Health Care Blog - November 22, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Matthew Holt Tags: OP-ED Patients Physicians Lown Institute Overtreatment Right Choice Alliance Shannon Brownlee Society for Participatory Medicine Source Type: blogs

What ’s New and In the Queue for Academic Medicine
  What’s New: A Preview of the June Issue The June issue of Academic Medicine is now available! Read the entire issue online at academicmedicine.org. Highlights from the issue include: The Time Is Now: Using Graduates’ Practice Data to Drive Medical Education Reform Triola and colleagues find efforts to link publicly available clinical practice data to educational process data hold the potential to accelerate medical education research and innovation, transforming how the future physician workforce is trained. Who Am I, and Who Do I Strive to Be? Applying a Theory of Self-Conscious Emotions to Medical Education S...
Source: Academic Medicine Blog - June 5, 2018 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Journal Staff Tags: Featured Issue Preview humanities in medicine medical education medical students professional identity formation residency Source Type: blogs

Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
This article reviews epidemiological facts about TB, trends in the magnitude of the burden of TB and factors contributing to it, and the effectiveness of the public health response. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 2, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Glaziou, Philippe Floyd, Katherine Raviglione, Mario C. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Difficulty Managing a Patient ' s Airway? Bougie Tips and More Difficulty Managing a Patient ' s Airway? Bougie Tips and More
Dr Amy Faith Ho demonstrates four important, if uncommon, intubation techniques, with visual aids.Medscape Emergency Medicine
Source: Medscape Critical Care Headlines - March 18, 2019 Category: Intensive Care Tags: Emergency Medicine Commentary Source Type: news

Narrative Review of Decision-Making Processes in Critical Care.
Abstract Several theories describing the decision-making process in the intensive care unit (ICU) have been formulated. However, none of them appreciate the complexities of the process in an eclectic way by unifying several miscellaneous variables in 1 comprehensive theory. The purpose of this review is to highlight the key intricacies associated with the decision-making process in the ICU, to describe the theoretical frameworks with a special emphasis on gaps of knowledge, and to offer some avenues for improvement. The application of theoretical framework helps us to understand and to modify the structure of the ...
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - August 9, 2018 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Alexis Ruiz A, Wyszyńska PK, Laudanski K Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: research