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Infectious Disease: Tuberculosis

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Total 20234 results found since Jan 2013.

Cameroonian medicinal plants: a bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey and chemotaxonomic classification
Conclusions: It can be verified that a phytochemical search of active secondary metabolites, which is inspired by knowledge from the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants could be very vital in a drug discovery program from plant-derived bioactive compounds.
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - June 26, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Fidele Ntie-KangLydia LifongoLuc MbazeNnange EkwelleLuc Owono OwonoEugene MegnassanPhilip JudsonWolfgang SipplSimon Efange Source Type: research

Routine surgery in addition to chemotherapy for treating spinal tuberculosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The two included trials had too few participants to be able to say whether routine surgery might help. Although current medication and operative techniques are now far more advanced, these results indicate that routine surgery cannot be recommended unless within the context of a large, well-conducted randomized controlled trial. Clinicians may judge that surgery may be clinically indicated in some groups of patients. Future studies need to address these topics as well as the patient's view of their disease and treatment. PMID: 23866317 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 25, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jutte PC, van Loenhout-Rooyackers JH Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Optimal time for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected, treatment-naive children aged 2 to 5 years old.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review shows that there is insufficient evidence from clinical trials in support of either early or CD4-guided initiation of ART in HIV-infected children aged 2 to 5 years. Programmatic issues such as the retention in care of children in ART programmes in resource-limited settings will need to be considered when formulating WHO 2013 recommendations.   PMID: 24114324 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 10, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Siegfried N, Davies MA, Penazzato M, Muhe LM, Egger M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Pulmonary tuberculosis in severely-malnourished or HIV-infected children with pneumonia: a review.
Abstract Presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as acute pneumonia in severely-malnourished and HIV-positive children has received very little attention, although this is very important in the management of pneumonia in children living in communities where TB is highly endemic. Our aim was to identify confirmed TB in children with acute pneumonia and HIV infection and/or severe acute malnutrition (SAM) (weight-for-length/height or weight-for-age z score <-3 of the WHO median, or presence of nutritional oedema). We conducted a literature search, using PubMed and Web of Science in April 2013 for the period ...
Source: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition - September 1, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Chisti MJ, Ahmed T, Pietroni MA, Faruque AS, Ashraf H, Bardhan PK, Hossain I, Das SK, Salam MA Tags: J Health Popul Nutr Source Type: research

Medicinal Chemistry of New Compounds to Treat Tuberculosis.
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), a 19th century disease, is still present in the beginning of the Third Millennium. It has been considered pandemic, since around two billion people are infected with M. tuberculosis. Multi-drug resistant TB has been the biggest challenge for chemotherapy. In order to face this severe health problem, many institutions, private and public ones, have been investing in the search for new and better drug candidates. The pipeline of potential anti-TB drugs presents new molecules and formulations that have been submitted to pre-clinical and clinical assays. Medicinal Chemistry has an important...
Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology - December 29, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Primi MC, Segretti ND, Ferreira EI Tags: Curr Clin Pharmacol Source Type: research

Xpert® MTB/RIF assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: In adults thought to have TB, with or without HIV infection, Xpert® MTB/RIF is sensitive and specific. Compared with smear microscopy, Xpert® MTB/RIF substantially increases TB detection among culture-confirmed cases. Xpert® MTB/RIF has higher sensitivity for TB detection in smear-positive than smear-negative patients. Nonetheless, this test may be valuable as an add-on test following smear microscopy in patients previously found to be smear-negative. For rifampicin resistance detection, Xpert® MTB/RIF provides accurate results and can allow rapid initiation of MDR-TB treatment, pending results from con...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 21, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Steingart KR, Schiller I, Horne DJ, Pai M, Boehme CC, Dendukuri N Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Perspectives on Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Discovery of Anti-Tubercular Drugs.
Abstract Based on the global burden of tuberculosis and resistant strains that have recently emerged, not responding to existing therapies, it has become urgent to search for new remedies against this global human plague that has been compounded by HIV co-infection. Thus, the search for new drugs against the disease-causing agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is an ongoing effort. This review discusses the state-of-the-art in anti-tuberculosis pathogenesis and anti-TB drug research, identifying some of the challenges being faced by researchers in the field and sheds light on possible ways forward, particularl...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - July 6, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ntie-Kang F, Yong JN, Owono Owono LC, Sippl W, Megnassan E Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Mycobacterium w Immunotherapy for Treating Pulmonary Tuberculosis - a Systematic Review.
Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggests benefit as regards the time to sputum conversion. The available data on M w immunotherapy for participants with PTB are however methodologically flawed. We advise that M w be investigated in a well-structured, randomized controlled trial. PMID: 25190062 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - September 5, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pandie S, Engel ME, Kerbelker ZS, Mayosi BM Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Risk of tuberculosis in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated with biologics and tofacitinib: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and long-term extension studies
Conclusion. RCTs are not sensitive enough to assess the risk of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Disease, treatment and background TB rate are associated with different frequencies of active TB. The benefit/risk balance of preventing reactivation of LTBI in different backgrounds should be considered in clinical practice.
Source: Rheumatology - September 16, 2014 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Souto, A., Maneiro, J. R., Salgado, E., Carmona, L., Gomez-Reino, J. J. Tags: Rheumatoid Arthritis META-ANALYSIS Source Type: research

The diagnostic accuracy of the GenoType(®) MTBDRsl assay for the detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs.
CONCLUSIONS: In adults with TB, a positive MTBDRsl result for FQ resistance, SLID resistance, or XDR-TB can be treated with confidence. However, MTBDRsl does not detect approximately one in five cases of FQ-resistant TB, and does not detect approximately one in four cases of SLID-resistant TB. Of the three SLIDs, MTBDRsl has the poorest sensitivity for kanamycin resistance. MTBDRsl will miss between one in four and one in three cases of XDR-TB. The diagnostic accuracy of MTBDRsl is similar when done using either culture isolates or smear-positive sputum. As the location of the resistance causing mutations can vary on a str...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 29, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Theron G, Peter J, Richardson M, Barnard M, Donegan S, Warren R, Steingart KR, Dheda K Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

PET-CT for assessing mediastinal lymph node involvement in patients with suspected resectable non-small cell lung cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: This review has shown that accuracy of PET-CT is insufficient to allow management based on PET-CT alone. The findings therefore support National Institute for Health and Care (formally 'clinical') Excellence (NICE) guidance on this topic, where PET-CT is used to guide clinicians in the next step: either a biopsy or where negative and nodes are small, directly to surgery. The apparent difference between the two main makes of PET-CT scanner is important and may influence the treatment decision in some circumstances. The differences in PET-CT accuracy estimates between scanner makes, NSCLC subtypes, FDG dose, and...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 13, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Schmidt-Hansen M, Baldwin DR, Hasler E, Zamora J, Abraira V, Roqué I Figuls M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Adjunctive steroid therapy for managing pulmonary tuberculosis.
CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that adjunctive corticosteroid treatment provides major benefits for people with pulmonary tuberculosis. Short term clinical benefits found did not appear to be maintained in the long term. However, evidence available to date is of low quality. In order to evaluate whether adjunctive corticosteroids reduce mortality, or accelerate clinical or microbiological recovery in people with pulmonary tuberculosis further large randomized control trials sufficiently powered to detect changes in such outcomes are needed. PMID: 25387839 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 12, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Critchley JA, Orton LC, Pearson F Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Burgeoning double burden of tuberculosis and diabetes in India: Magnitude of the problem – Strategies and solutions
Conclusions Treatment of diabetes as a co-disease presents an opportunity for collaboration with the current TB control efforts to be expanded. Considering the existing public health infrastructure and the overarching private sectors' role in the co-management, standard treatment guidelines which incorporate the core issues in the bi-directional screening and cost-effective management of TB and diabetes need to be developed and enforced.
Source: Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health - December 4, 2014 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

A Systematic Review on TST and IGRA Tests Used for Diagnosis of LTBI in Immigrants
Conclusion Prevalence of positive test results were significantly lower in immigrants who were tested with an IGRA, resulting in fewer immigrants being recommended for LTBI treatment compared to TST. Coupled with comparable performance for detecting prevalent TB cases, the IGRA appears to exhibit better specificity than the TST and may be preferred as the standard of care for detecting LTBI in immigrants moving to low TB incidence countries.
Source: Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy - January 12, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Mobile phone text messaging interventions for HIV and other chronic diseases: an overview of systematic reviews and framework for evidence transfer
Conclusions: Global evidence supports the use of text messaging as a tool to improve adherence to medication and attendance at scheduled appointments. Given the similarities between HIV and other chronic diseases (long-term medications, life-long care, strong link to behaviour and the need for home-based support) evidence from HIV may be transferred to these diseases using our proposed framework by integration of HIV and chronic disease services or direct transfer.
Source: BMC Health Services Research - January 22, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lawrence MbuagbawSara MursleenLyubov LytvynMarek SmiejaLisa DolovichLehana Thabane Source Type: research