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Infectious Disease: Gastroenteritis

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Uropathogenic < em > Escherichia coli < /em > virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance amongst pediatric urinary tract infections
J Med Life. 2022 May;15(5):650-654. doi: 10.25122/jml-2021-0148.ABSTRACTUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) harbors virulence factors responsible for bacterial adhesion and invasion. In addition, the bacterium is accountable for the occurrence of pediatric urinary tract infections globally and is becoming problematic due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The current research investigated UPEC prevalence, virulence characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). 200 urine specimens were taken from hospitalized pediatric patients who suffered from UTIs. E. coli was reco...
Source: Journal of Medicine and Life - July 11, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Narjes Alfuraiji Amal Al-Hamami Maysaa Ibrahim Hassan Khuder Rajab Balsam Waleed Hussain Source Type: research

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Calaspargase Pegol Escherichia coli L-Asparaginase in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results From Children's Oncology Group Study AALL07P4 Pediatric Oncology
Conclusion SC-PEG2500 achieves a significantly longer period of asparaginase activity above defined thresholds and asparagine depletion compared with SS-PEG2500 and has a comparable toxicity profile in children with HR B-cell ALL.
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 26, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Angiolillo, Schore, Devidas, Borowitz, Carroll, Gastier-Foster, Heerema, Keilani, Lane, Loh, Reaman, Adamson, Wood, Wood, Zheng, Raetz, Winick, Carroll, Hunger Tags: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Pediatric Oncology Source Type: research

Prevalence of multidrug drug resistant organisms and hand hygiene compliance in surgical NICU in Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital
ConclusionPrevalence of MDRO among cases of sepsis was found to be (66.7%). Most isolated organisms were resistant to commonly used drugs. Antibiotic stewardship (ASP) program is essentially needed to stop abuse of antibiotics and accordingly development of MDROs. Strict infection control measures mainly HH procedures are needed, to minimize the spread of MDROs.
Source: Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette - November 23, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Cefoxitin Prophylaxis During Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Retrospective Exploration of Postoperative Trough Levels
Conclusions: Cefoxitin trough concentrations vary significantly in the first 24 hours after pediatric cardiac surgery. Both serum creatinine and body weight showed independent associations with cefoxitin concentration. The PD target was not obtained in the vast majority of the explored population, regardless of the target bacteria.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - April 16, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Antimicrobial Reports Source Type: research

ACUTE ABDOMEN systemic sonographic approach to acute abdomen in emergency department: a case series
ConclusionACUTE ABDOMEN sonographic approach in acute abdomen can play an important role in ruling out critical diagnosis, and can guide emergency physician or any critical care physician in patient management.
Source: Critical Ultrasound Journal - September 22, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

A multifactorial score including autophagy for prognosis and care of COVID-19 patients.
Abstract In less than eleven months, the world was brought to a halt by the COVID-19 outbreak. With hospitals becoming overwhelmed, one of the highest priorities concerned critical care triage to ration the scarce resources of intensive care units. Which patient should be treated first? Based on what clinical and biological criteria? A global joint effort rapidly led to sequencing the genomes of tens of thousands of COVID-19 patients to determine the patients' genetic signature that causes them to be at risk of suddenly developing severe disease. In this commentary, we would like to consider some points concerning...
Source: Autophagy - November 29, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Domdom MA, Brest P, Grosjean I, Roméo B, Landi MT, Gal J, Klionsky DJ, Hofman P, Mograbi B Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Ondansetron Use for Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
Conclusions This large database analysis of emergency departments around the nation found that NHW patients were less likely to receive ondansetron but more likely to receive IV fluids and hospital admission than minority patients. These findings are likely multifactorial and may represent bias, social determinants of health, access to care, or illness severity among other possible causes.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Outcome and safety of colistin usage in pediatric cancer patients with carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae bacteremia at children cancer hospital Egypt
Conclusions: Our study showed that colistin had a high efficacy without significant renal toxicity in severe infections due to CRE Gram-negative bacteria.
Source: Annals of African Medicine - January 24, 2023 Category: African Health Authors: Nagla Adel Reham Khedr Mervat Elanany Hala F Zaki Hanafy Hafez Hanan El-Abhar Source Type: research

Trends in Bacterial Wound Isolates and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in a Pediatric Burn Hospital
The purpose of this retrospective study was to collate data dealing with organisms cultured from the burn patients and evaluate trends in antimicrobial susceptibility. All cultures collected from each acute admission patient between 2004 and 2011 in the 30-bed pediatric burn hospital were evaluated for their annual frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility. Duplicate cultures were excluded. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated most frequently (25% of total isolates; range, 69–408 isolates/yr), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%; range, 40–202 isolates/yr), coagulase-negative staphylococci (9%; range, 2–188 isolat...
Source: Journal of Burn Care and Research - September 1, 2014 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Using the Number Needed to Treat to Assess Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy as a Determinant of Outcome in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock*
Objective: To assess appropriate antimicrobial therapy as an outcome determinant in severe sepsis and septic shock using the number needed to treat. Design: Single-center cohort study (January 2008 to December 2012). Setting: One thousand two hundred fifty-bed academic hospital. Patients: Two thousand five hundred ninety-four patients with positive blood culture. Interventions: We retrospectively identified patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Inappropriate antimicrobial treatment was defined as an antimicrobial regimen that lacked in vitro activity against the isolated pathogen. Information regarding demographics,...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - October 16, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Feature Articles Source Type: research

Effects of Controlled Mechanical Ventilation on Sepsis-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction in Rats
Conclusions: Twelve hours of controlled mechanical ventilation potentiates sepsis-induced diaphragm dysfunction, possibly due to increased proinflammatory cytokine production and autophagy and worsening of oxidative stress.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - November 18, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Variations in Organism-Specific Severe Sepsis Mortality in the United States: 1999–2008*
Conclusions: We not only confirmed an overall decline in severe sepsis mortality from 1999 to 2008 but also identified previously unreported variations in organism-specific severe sepsis mortality. Gram-negative organisms predominate, whereas anaerobes and methicillin-resistant S. aureus are significant predictors of mortality. Future clinical trials exploring new treatments in severe sepsis should incorporate individual organism trends to elucidate potential effect on mortality.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - December 17, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Clinical Investigations Source Type: research

Gastroenteritis Attributable to 16 Enteropathogens in Children Attending Day Care: Significant Effects of Rotavirus, Norovirus, Astrovirus, Cryptosporidium and Giardia
Conclusions:We demonstrate that circulating viruses and parasites, rather than bacteria, contribute to seasonal GE experienced by children in day care.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - December 18, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Adhesion, Growth, and Virulence of Highly Virulent Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Argue for Its Use to Treat Oropharyngeal Colonization and Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Objective: In the context of increasing microbial resistance and limited new antimicrobials, we aimed to study the antimicrobial effects of cranberry proanthocyanidin extracts on Escherichia coli growth, adhesion to epithelial cells, and lung infection. Design: Experimental in vitro and in vivo investigation. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: Seventy-eight 6- to 8-week-old male Balb/C mice. Interventions: In vitro, the effect of increasing concentrations of cranberry proanthocyanidin on bacterial growth of different clinical E. coli isolates was evaluated. Ex vivo, adhesion of E. coli to fresh human buccal...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - May 16, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research