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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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Total 24836 results found since Jan 2013.

A Five-Country Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen Urine Assay for the Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni.
Abstract We evaluated a commercial point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test for assessing Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence in areas at risk. Overall, 4,405 school-age children in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda provided urine for POC-CCA testing and stool for Kato-Katz assays. By latent class analysis, one POC-CCA test was more sensitive (86% versus 62%) but less specific (72% versus ∼100%) than multiple Kato-Katz smears from one stool. However, only 1% of POC-CCA tests in a non-endemic area were false positives, suggesting the latent class analysis underestimated t...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 21, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Colley DG, Binder S, Campbell C, King CH, Tchuem Tchuenté LA, N'goran EK, Erko B, Karanja DM, Kabatereine NB, van Lieshout L, Rathbun S Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Reports Point-of-care quantification of blood-borne filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope
Parasitic helminths cause debilitating diseases that affect millions of people in primarily low-resource settings. Efforts to eliminate onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in Central Africa through mass drug administration have been suspended because of ivermectin-associated serious adverse events, including death, in patients infected with the filarial parasite Loa loa. To safely administer ivermectin for onchocerciasis or lymphatic filariasis in regions co-endemic with L. loa, a strategy termed "test and (not) treat" has been proposed whereby those with high levels of L. loa microfilariae (>30,000/ml) that put the...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - May 6, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: D'Ambrosio, M. V., Bakalar, M., Bennuru, S., Reber, C., Skandarajah, A., Nilsson, L., Switz, N., Kamgno, J., Pion, S., Boussinesq, M., Nutman, T. B., Fletcher, D. A. Tags: Reports Source Type: research

A Novel Molecular Test to Diagnose Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis at the Point of Care.
Abstract Dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) but current serological methods are not sensitive enough to detect all subclinically infected animals, which is crucial to VL control programs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have greater sensitivity but require expensive equipment and trained personnel, impairing its implementation in endemic areas. We developed a diagnostic test that uses isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to detect Leishmania infantum. This method was coupled with lateral flow (LF) reading with the naked eye to be adapted as a poi...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 3, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Saldarriaga OA, Tartaglino L, Gacek R, Temple E, Sparks H, Melby PC, Travi BL Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Assessment of Tropical Infectious Diseases-A Review of Applications and Perspectives.
Abstract The development of good quality and affordable ultrasound machines has led to the establishment and implementation of numerous point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) protocols in various medical disciplines. POCUS for major infectious diseases endemic in tropical regions has received less attention, despite its likely even more pronounced benefit for populations with limited access to imaging infrastructure. Focused assessment with sonography for HIV-associated TB (FASH) and echinococcosis (FASE) are the only two POCUS protocols for tropical infectious diseases, which have been formally investigated and which h...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bélard S, Tamarozzi F, Bustinduy AL, Wallrauch C, Grobusch MP, Kuhn W, Brunetti E, Joekes E, Heller T Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Concise gene signature for point‐of‐care classification of tuberculosis
Abstract There is an urgent need for new tools to combat the ongoing tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Gene expression profiles based on blood signatures have proved useful in identifying genes that enable classification of TB patients, but have thus far been complex. Using real‐time PCR analysis, we evaluated the expression profiles from a large panel of genes in TB patients and healthy individuals in an Indian cohort. Classification models were built and validated for their capacity to discriminate samples from TB patients and controls within this cohort and on external independent gene expression datasets. A combination of ...
Source: EMBO Molecular Medicine - December 1, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jeroen Maertzdorf, Gayle McEwen, January Weiner, Song Tian, Eric Lader, Ulrich Schriek, Harriet Mayanja‐Kizza, Martin Ota, John Kenneth, Stefan HE Kaufmann Tags: Report Source Type: research

Concise gene signature for point-of-care classification of tuberculosis.
Abstract There is an urgent need for new tools to combat the ongoing tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Gene expression profiles based on blood signatures have proved useful in identifying genes that enable classification of TB patients, but have thus far been complex. Using real-time PCR analysis, we evaluated the expression profiles from a large panel of genes in TB patients and healthy individuals in an Indian cohort. Classification models were built and validated for their capacity to discriminate samples from TB patients and controls within this cohort and on external independent gene expression datasets. A combinat...
Source: Topics in HIV Medicine - December 18, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Maertzdorf J, McEwen G, Weiner J, Tian S, Lader E, Schriek U, Mayanja-Kizza H, Ota M, Kenneth J, Kaufmann SH Tags: EMBO Mol Med Source Type: research

Caring for rabies patients in developing countries ‐ the neglected importance of palliative care
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - January 25, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Arnaud Tarantola, Yoann Crabol, Bangalore Jayakrishnappa Mahendra, Sotheary In, Hubert Barennes, Hervé Bourhy, Yiksing Peng, Sowath Ly, Philippe Buchy Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Suppurative Granulomatous Cholecystitis in a Pediatric Chronic Carrier with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
We describe an atypical presentation of S. enterica serotype Typhi infection in a 10-year-old male, whose cholecystechtomy and bile culture revealed chronic carrier status despite negative stool tests and the absence of gallstones. The gallbladder showed marked thickening of the wall with an intense suppurative granulomatous reaction. PMID: 26838767 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Fetal and Pediatric Pathology - February 5, 2016 Category: Pathology Tags: Fetal Pediatr Pathol Source Type: research

Controlling endemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Intensive Care Units using antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
Conclusions: Concomitant implementation of strict antimicrobial stewardship and comprehensive infection control measures effectively controlled endemic MDR A. baumannii in our ICUs within 1 year. PMID: 26874513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine - February 15, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Cheon S, Kim MJ, Yun SJ, Moon JY, Kim YS Tags: Korean J Intern Med Source Type: research

Caring for patients with rabies in developing countries – the neglected importance of palliative care
Summary Although limited publications address clinical management of symptomatic patients with rabies in intensive care units, the overwhelming majority of human rabies cases occur in the rural setting of developing countries where healthcare workers are few, lack training and drugs. Based on our experience, we suggest how clinicians in resource‐limited settings can make best use of essential drugs to provide assistance to patients with rabies and their families, at no risk to themselves. Comprehensive and compassionate patient management of furious rabies should aim to alleviate thirst, anxiety and epileptic fits using ...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - February 17, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Arnaud Tarantola, Yoann Crabol, Bangalore Jayakrishnappa Mahendra, Sotheary In, Hubert Barennes, Hervé Bourhy, Yiksing Peng, Sowath Ly, Philippe Buchy Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Measurement of Circulating Filarial Antigen Levels in Human Blood with a Point-of-Care Test Strip and a Portable Spectrodensitometer.
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the intensity of positive test lines obtained by FTS with CFA levels as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with blood and plasma samples from 188 individuals who live in a filariasis-endemic area. The intensity of the FTS test line was assessed visually to provide a semiquantitative score (visual Filariasis Test Strip [vFTS]), and line intensity was measured with a portable spectrodensitometer (quantitative Filariasis Test Strip [qFTS]). These results were compared with antigen levels measured by ELISA in plasma from the same subjects....
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 24, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Chesnais CB, Vlaminck J, Kunyu-Shako B, Pion SD, Awaca-Uvon NP, Weil GJ, Mumba D, Boussinesq M Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Scrub Typhus in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India.
In conclusion, scrub typhus has become a leading infectious disease in north India and an important cause of infectious fever. An increasing awareness of this disease coupled with prompt management will go a long way in reducing both morbidity and mortality from this disease. PMID: 27296391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - June 12, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Sharma N, Biswal M, Kumar A, Zaman K, Jain S, Bhalla A Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Seasonal Dynamics of Malaria in Pregnancy in West Africa: Evidence for Carriage of Infections Acquired Before Pregnancy Until First Contact with Antenatal Care.
In this study, prevalence of infection was determined by microscopy at first antenatal care (ANC) visit in primigravidae and secundigravidae in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali, and The Gambia, four countries with strong seasonal variations in transmission. Duration of pregnancy spent in the rainy season and other risk factors for infection were evaluated using multivariable Poisson regression. We found that the overall prevalence of malaria at first ANC was generally high and increased with time spent pregnant during the rainy season: prevalence among those with the longest exposure was 59.7% in Ghana, 56.7% in Burkina Faso, 42....
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 4, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Berry I, Walker P, Tagbor H, Bojang K, Coulibaly SO, Kayentao K, Williams J, Oduro A, Milligan P, Chandramohan D, Greenwood B, Cairns M Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Pediatric Intracranial Hydatid Cyst: A Case Series with Literature Review
Hydatid disease is an endemic zoonotic disease in many areas of the world. An intracranial hydatid cyst is a relatively rare entity, accounting for only 1 –2% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions. Most commonly they are seen in children and young adults. Here, we present 9 cases of pediatric intracranial hydatid cyst operated at Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India, between 2009 and 2015. The mean age of presentation was 11.5 years. The male to female ratio was 5: 4. In 7 cases, a history of contact with pet dogs was present. Seizure was the most common finding, present in 7 cases. Seven p...
Source: Pediatric Neurosurgery - June 19, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Sensitivity of the Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen Urine Cassette Test for Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in Low-Endemicity Settings in C ôte d'Ivoire.
Sensitivity of the Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen Urine Cassette Test for Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in Low-Endemicity Settings in Côte d'Ivoire. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 Oct 01;: Authors: Assaré RK, Tra MBI, Ouattara M, Hürlimann E, Coulibaly JT, N'Goran EK, Utzinger J Abstract The sensitivity of a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) urine cassette test for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in low-endemicity settings is poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 14 villages in western Côte d'Ivoire and diagnosed children aged 9-12 years for schist...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 1, 2018 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Assaré RK, Tra MBI, Ouattara M, Hürlimann E, Coulibaly JT, N'Goran EK, Utzinger J Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research