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Identification of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 as a Regulator for Encystation of Acanthamoeba.
Authors: Moon EK, Hong Y, Chung DI, Goo YK, Kong HH Abstract Encystation is an essential process for Acanthamoeba survival under nutrient-limiting conditions and exposure to drugs. The expression of several genes has been observed to increase or decrease during encystation. Epigenetic processes involved in regulation of gene expression have been shown to play a role in several pathogenic parasites. In the present study, we identified the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a known epigenetic regulator, in Acanthamoeba castellanii. PRMT5 of A. castellanii (AcPRMT5) contained domains found in S-adenosylmeth...
Source: Korean Journal of Parasitology - May 20, 2016 Category: Parasitology Tags: Korean J Parasitol Source Type: research

Host cytoplasmic processing bodies assembled by Trypanosoma cruzi during infection exert anti-parasitic activity
Publication date: December 2015 Source:Parasitology International, Volume 64, Issue 6 Author(s): Eri Seto, Yoko Onizuka, Junko Nakajima-Shimada Processing bodies (PBs) are cytoplasmic granules containing mRNAs and proteins involved in translation and degradation of mRNAs. PBs are constitutively present in cells and are induced to accumulate when external stressors including microbial infection are applied to cells, followed by a rapid translational arrest. We have examined the impact of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi, Tc) infection on host cytoplasmic PB assembly. Within 24h post-infection, we found the average number of...
Source: Parasitology International - August 7, 2015 Category: Parasitology Source Type: research

RNA interference in Fasciola hepatica newly excysted juveniles: Long dsRNA induces more persistent silencing than siRNA
Publication date: October 2014 Source:Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Volume 197, Issues 1–2 Author(s): Nicolás Dell’Oca , Tatiana Basika , Ileana Corvo , Estela Castillo , Paul J. Brindley , Gabriel Rinaldi , Jose F. Tort In trematodes RNA interference is the current tool of choice for functional analysis of genes since classical reverse genetic approaches remain unavailable. Whereas this approach has been optimized in schistosomes, few reports are available for other trematodes, likely reflecting the difficulties in the establishment of the technology. Here we standardized conditions for RNAi in the liver ...
Source: Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology - November 17, 2014 Category: Parasitology Source Type: research

Role of glucocorticoids and Toxoplasma gondii infection on murine intestinal epithelial cells
Publication date: October 2014 Source:Parasitology International, Volume 63, Issue 5 Author(s): Stacy L. Johnson , Radha Gopal , Amber Enriquez , Fernando P. Monroy Glucocorticoids (GCs) are stress hormones secreted in response to perceived psychological and or physiological stress. GCs have been shown to reduce tissue inflammation by down-regulating the production of inflammatory chemokines produced by epithelial cells. The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is known to increase cytokine, chemokine, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression in parasite infected mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We sought to an...
Source: Parasitology International - November 6, 2014 Category: Parasitology Source Type: research

RNA interference, growth and differentiation appear normal in African trypanosomes lacking Tudor staphylococcal nuclease
Publication date: November 2010 Source:Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Volume 174, Issue 1 Author(s): Sam Alsford , Louise E. Kemp , Taemi Kawahara , David Horn Ribonucleases play important roles in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The Dicer endonuclease converts double-stranded (ds)RNA into small interfering (si)RNA and the Slicer endonuclease, as a component of the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC), cleaves mRNA. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) is another component of RISC in humans, flies and nematodes and is therefore implicated in the RNAi pathway. Here, we explore the potential role of Afric...
Source: Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology - November 3, 2014 Category: Parasitology Source Type: research

Inhibitory effects and analysis of RNA interference on thioredoxin glutathione reductase expression in Schistosoma japonicum.
Abstract Abstract Schistosomes infect around 280 million people worldwide. The worms survive in the veins of the final host, where thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) activity helps the parasites to survive in the aerobic environment. In the present study, we synthesized 2 small interfering RNAs (siRNA S1 and S2) targeting the Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) TGR gene, and used them to knockdown the TGR gene. The knockdown effects of the siRNAs on SjTGR and the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity of SjTGR were evaluated in vitro and in mice infected with schistosomes. The results of transfection with the siRNAs vi...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - March 15, 2014 Category: Parasitology Authors: Han Y, Fu Z, Hong Y, Zhang M, Han H, Lu K, Yang J, Xiangrui LI, Lin J Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research

The involvement of FAK and Src in the invasion of cardiomyocytes by Trypanosoma cruzi.
Abstract The activation of signaling pathways involving protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) has been demonstrated during Trypanosoma cruzi invasion. Herein, we describe the participation of FAK/Src in the invasion of cardiomyocytes by T. cruzi. The treatment of cardiomyocytes with genistein, a PTK inhibitor, significantly reduced T. cruzi invasion. Also, PP1, a potent Src-family protein inhibitor, and PF573228, a specific FAK inhibitor, also inhibited T. cruzi entry; maximal inhibition was achieved at concentrations of 25μM PP1 (53% inhibition) and 40μM PF573228 (50% inhibition). The suppression of FAK expression in...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - February 25, 2014 Category: Parasitology Authors: de Melo TG, Tucci AR, Nogueira AR, Meirelles MD, Pereira MC Tags: Exp Parasitol Source Type: research

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