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Infectious Disease: HIV AIDS
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Total 1364 results found since Jan 2013.
Early antiretroviral therapy prevents non-AIDS outcomes in HIV-infected people, study
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Starting antiretroviral therapy early not only prevents serious AIDS-related diseases, but also prevents the onset of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other non-AIDS-related diseases in HIV-infected people, according to a new analysis of data from the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment study, the first large-scale randomized clinical trial to establish that earlier antiretroviral treatment benefits all HIV-infected individuals. Rates of both serious AIDS-related events and serious non-AIDS-related events were significantly reduced with early therapy.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - July 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
Age in antiretroviral therapy programmes in South Africa: a retrospective, multicentre, observational cohort study
Publication date: Available online 4 August 2015 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Morna Cornell, Leigh F Johnson, Michael Schomaker, Frank Tanser, Mhairi Maskew, Robin Wood, Hans Prozesky, Janet Giddy, Kathryn Stinson, Matthias Egger, Andrew Boulle, Landon Myer Background As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) expands, increasing numbers of older patients will start treatment and need specialised long-term care. However, the effect of age in ART programmes in resource-constrained settings is poorly understood. The HIV epidemic is ageing rapidly and South Africa has one of the highest HIV population prevale...
Source: The Lancet HIV - August 4, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Host, disease, and antiretroviral factors are associated with normalization of the CD4:CD8 ratio after initiating antiretroviral therapy
By effectively suppressing plasma HIV-viremia, modern combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prevents ongoing damage to the immune system from uncontrolled HIV replication and allows immune recovery. Although AIDS-defining conditions are now rare in effectively treated people living with HIV, non–AIDS-defining illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, renal disease, cognitive impairment, and cancer are reported to occur at higher rates and at a younger age than in matched HIV-uninfected control populations.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 4, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alan Winston, Sophie Jose, Martin Fisher, John Walsh, Mark Nelson, Richard Gilson, Frank Post, Margaret Johnson, Clifford Leen, David Chadwick, Phillip Hay, Jillian Pritchard, Anjum Tariq, Caroline Sabin, UK Collaborative HIV Cohort Study Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
How can verbal autopsy guide perinatal care in low-income and middle-income countries?
As the first era of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) approaches the end and its successors the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are launched, this is an appropriate time to reflect on reasons why such great progress has been made in some areas while so little has been achieved in others. The case of perinatal mortality is perhaps the most baffling of them all. Though worldwide child mortality fell almost 50% from 90/1000 in 1990 (the benchmark year) to 46/1000 in 2013 (the most recent year for which data are available), there was almost no change in neonatal mortality. As a result, it has accounted for an ever-i...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - August 18, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Brown, N. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Travel medicine, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Pregnancy, Child health, Infant health, Airway biology, Sexual health Editorials Source Type: research
Human gammaherpesviruses viraemia in HIV infected patients
Conclusions
EBV viral load in PBMC correlated with the number of circulating T CD8+ lymphocytes and the response to the antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients. In contrast, KSHV was undetectable in PBMC, presumably an effect of the antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, either KSHV infection in the population studied was absent or viral load in PBMC was beyond the analytical limit of the assay.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - August 18, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Ferraz da Silva, A. P., Giron, L. B., Ramos da Silva, S., Naime Barbosa, A., Almeida, R. A. M. d. B., Elgui de Oliveira, D., de Souza, Chaves Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS Original article Source Type: research
Primary immunodeficiency association with systemic lupus erythematosus: review of literature and lessons learned by the Rheumatology Division of a tertiary University Hospital at São Paulo
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2015 Source:Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia (English Edition) Author(s): Paolo Ruggero Errante, Sandro Félix Perazzio, Josias Brito Frazão, Neusa Pereira da Silva, Luis Eduardo Coelho Andrade Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) represent a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from inherited defects in the development, maturation and normal function of immune cells; thus, turning individuals susceptible to recurrent infections, allergy, autoimmunity, and malignancies. In this retrospective study, autoimmune diseases (AIDs), in special systemic lupus erythe...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia - September 1, 2015 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
Availability of Pyrimethamine: Statement from Adult & Adolescent OI Guideline Panel
Pyrimethamine is recommended for treatment and/or prophylaxis of Toxoplasma encephalitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and Isospora infection. As of June 2015, pyrimethamine is no longer available in retail pharmacies in the United States. It is only available through a special pharmacy program (http://www.daraprimdirect.com/how-to-prescribe). If there is a delay in procuring pyrimethamine for a patient in whom it is needed for one of the above indications, please refer to the specific pathogen section for alternative drug regimens for treatment or prophylaxis. For patients with suspected or documented toxoplasmosis who do not ...
Source: AIDSinfo At-a-Glance: Offering Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research, A Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - September 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Presymptomatic and longitudinal neuroimaging in neurodegeneration--from snapshots to motion picture: a systematic review
Discussion and conclusions
Although longitudinal imaging studies have the potential to provide crucial insights into the presymptomatic phase and natural trajectory of neurodegenerative processes a standardised design is required to enable meaningful data interpretation.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - September 13, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Schuster, C., Elamin, M., Hardiman, O., Bede, P. Tags: Genetics, Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Dementia, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Motor neurone disease, Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons), Multiple sclerosis, Neuromuscular disease, Parkinson's disease, Spinal cord, Memory disorders (p Source Type: research
Puerperal sepsis in the 21st century: progress, new challenges and the situation worldwide
Puerperal sepsis is one of the five leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide, and accounts for 15% of all maternal deaths. The WHO defined puerperal sepsis in 1992 as an infection of the genital tract occurring at any time between the rupture of membranes or labour and the 42nd day post partum; in which, two or more of the following are present: pelvic pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge and delay in the reduction of the size of the uterus. At the same time, the WHO introduced the term puerperal infections, which also include non-genital infections in the obstetric population. Recent epidemiological data shows th...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - September 24, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Buddeberg, B. S., Aveling, W. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Pain (neurology), Pregnancy, Reproductive medicine, Epidemiology PMJ 90th anniversary review Source Type: research
Incident Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men From Pre-HAART to HAART Periods: A Cohort Study.
Conclusion: Effective HAART is associated with lower incidence of HBV infection; however, even in the HAART era, incidence of HBV infection remains high among MSM.
Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
PMID: 26457744 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annals of Internal Medicine - October 13, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Falade-Nwulia O, Seaberg EC, Snider AE, Rinaldo CR, Phair J, Witt MD, Thio CL Tags: Ann Intern Med Source Type: research
Case report: a presumptive diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
A 42-year old previously well man presented with a ten-day history of a flu-like illness, headache, back pain and urinary retention. He deteriorated in hospital with pyrexia and agitation and developed acute respiratory compromise necessitating intubation. MR imaging of the neural axis demonstrated enhancement of the leptomeninges, the splenium of the corpus callosum and patchy enhancement of the cervical and thoracic cord. CSF analysis revealed a white cell count of 211 (95% lymphocytes), protein 2.96 g/L and glucose 3.2 mmol/L (serum glucose 9.6 mmol/L).
Initial working diagnosis was of a meningoencephalitis with a ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Al-Ansari, A., Hill, M. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Meningitis, Cranial nerves, Headache (including migraine), Infection (neurology), Multiple sclerosis, Pain (neurology), Spinal cord, Ophthalmology Thur 21, Parallel session 5: Therapeutics Source Type: research
5 years experience of primary central nervous system lymphoma (pcnsl): a retrospective pilot audit
Conclusion
Despite limitations, this audit identified that the majority of these patients received steroids pre-biopsy, but in some cases, this may have reasonably been withheld. There is scope for a diagnostic algorithm to highlight safe withholding of steroids, early HIV testing and appropriate staging investigations, downplaying the importance of CSF sampling.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Datta, S., Lee, R., Webb, T., Ismail, A., Jung, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Radiology, Surgical diagnostic tests Thur 21, Parallel session 5: Therapeutics Source Type: research
Tabes dorsalis in the post antibiotic era: never say never
We present the case of an HIV positive 47 year old male with a CD4 count of 400 and an undetectable viral load on HAART. He presented with an 8 month history of progressively severe lightening pains, gait disturbance, tinnitus, hearing loss, and urinary incontinence. He had a positive plasma VDRL with a titre of 1:32, and his CSF was VDRL positive. Whole spine MRI scan demonstrated high signal in the dorsal cord with associated atrophy. He was treated with intravenous benzylpenicillin 2.4 grams 4 hourly for 14 days. Follow up at 4 and 8 months demonstrated marked clinical improvement with a falling serum VRDL titre. R...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Osman, C., Clark, T., Ghosh, B., Halfpenny, C. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Dementia, Infection (neurology), Pain (neurology), Spinal cord, Incontinence, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Ear, nose and throat/otolaryngology Thur 21, Parallel session 5: Therapeutics Source Type: research
Management of suspected encephalitis in a uk teaching hospital
Conclusions
Encephalitis is difficult to confirm and eventual differential of suspected cases is wide. The rate of ITU admission and death demonstrates the vulnerabilities of this cohort. While most patients received LP, aciclovir and MRI, there remains room for improvement in timing and completeness of investigations.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Binks, S., Cooper, R., Wood, R., Martin, L. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Infection (neurology) Thur 21, Parallel session 5: Therapeutics Source Type: research
The management of suspected encephalitis at a regional district general hospital
Conclusions
Management of suspected encephalitis varied, we need to increase awareness ABN/BIA guidance and address the delay in neurology services seeing these patients.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Llewelyn, D., Fish, M. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Infection (neurology) Thur 21, Parallel session 5: Therapeutics Source Type: research
