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Obesity and immune status in children
Purpose of review Childhood obesity, with persistent chronic inflammation, is a worldwide epidemic. Obesity causes dysregulation throughout the immune system, affecting the balance and levels of cytokines, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The present review focuses on the impact of obesity on immune function in children: altering the baseline activation state of immune cells and affecting the ability of the host to combat pathogens and malignancy and respond appropriately to vaccination. Recent findings Obesity causes dysregulation of the immune system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of adipose tiss...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - November 11, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RELATED DISORDERS: Edited by Jordan S. Orange Source Type: research

Retrospective analysis of epidemic thunderstorm asthma in children in Yulin, northwest China.
CONCLUSION: Thunderstorm asthma can affect children, especially who has allergic rhinitis or asthma without preventive management. Mugwort is also an aeroallergen in thunderstorm asthma attacks. IMPACT: Thunderstorm can induce asthma attacks in children with allergic rhinitis owing to mugwort and aggravate symptoms in children with confirmed diagnosis of asthma.Children with mugwort allergy are susceptible to thunderstorm asthma and a preponderance of boys was observed.Better identification of allergic children to mugwort, giving suitable protective measures during thunderstorm and standard therapy to existing allergi...
Source: Pediatric Research - May 25, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Xu YY, Xue T, Li HR, Guan K Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

Parental and child factors associated with inhalant and food allergy in a population-based prospective cohort study: the Generation R Study
Conclusions: We found strong effects of parental history of allergy, eczema or asthma on the presence of physician-diagnosed inhalant allergy in children at age 10  years. Eczema ever at age 10 years was a strong risk factor for the development of physician-diagnosed inhalant and food allergy.What is Known:• The prevalence of allergic diseases in children has markedly increased.• Early-life influences are critically important in the development of allergic diseases.What is New:• Maternal and paternal history of allergy, eczema or asthma is associated with increased risks of physician-diagnosed inhalant allergy but ...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - September 9, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Omalizumab in children with severe allergic disease: a case series
ConclusionsOmalizumab appears to be an excellent therapeutic option in children with inadequately controlled severe allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, with or without food allergy.
Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics - January 14, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

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From the desk of Shelly Flais, MDIn the past 2 decades, food allergies have more than tripled. The most common food allergies are peanuts (in the legume family), tree nuts (such as walnuts and pecans), egg, shellfish, soy, wheat, and fish. Due to this growing food allergy epidemic, continued research is investigating what can be done to prevent or treat food allergies. New studies show that children who consume peanuts at earlier ages are less likely to develop a peanut allergy. It is important to note that recommendations vary depending on if your child has severe eczema, asthma, or allergies; if this is the case, talk to...
Source: Pediatric Health Associates - January 31, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Food Allergies Healthy Habits Source Type: news

The role of the gut microbiota in food allergy
Purpose of review: The rise in the prevalence of food allergy over the past decades has focused attention of factors that may impact disease development, most notably the gut microbiota. The gut microbial communities play a crucial role in promoting oral tolerance. Their alteration by such factors as Cesarean section delivery, diet and antibiotics may influence disease development. This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in the development of food allergy. Recent findings: Food allergy is associated with alterations in the gut microbiota or dysbiosis early in life that...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - November 4, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RELATED DISORDERS: Edited by Talal Chatila Source Type: research

Visceral leishmaniasis: a forgotten epidemic
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL or kala-azar) is most endemic in Asia and Africa and commonly affects young children. It is usually caused by Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum that are transmitted by Phlebotomine sand flies. Transmission may be anthroponotic or zoonotic or both, depending on the endemic area. Clinical features include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss and pancytopenia. Younger age, malnutrition and immunosuppression (HIV infection, use of immunosuppressive drugs) are risk factors. Many infections remain asymptomatic. Diagnosis is made by demonstration of the Leishmania parasite in aspirates of lym...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Zijlstra, E. E. Tags: Oncology, Immunology (including allergy), ADC Global child health, HIV/AIDS, Travel medicine, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Child health, Sexual health Source Type: research

Updated recommendations to help thwart the peanut allergy epidemic
From the desk of Shelly Flais, MDTwenty or thirty years ago, it was rare to have a friend or classmate with a peanut allergy. Times have changed. The number of children in the U.S. with a peanut allergy has more than tripled between 1997 and 2008. These days anywhere from 6 to 9% of all kids have a food allergy of some kind, meaning in a typical classroom 2 or 3 kids can be affected. This is an issue near and dear to my heart, as 2 of my 4 kids have peanut allergies.Why has peanut allergy been on the rise? What can we do to prevent allergies? Food allergy research continues and has begun to shed new light on the issue. For...
Source: Pediatric Health Associates - September 3, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Food Allergies Source Type: news

Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric food allergy: an update
Abstract The prevalence of pediatric food allergy and anaphylaxis has increased in the last decades, especially in westernized countries where this emerging phenomenon was marked as a “second wave” of the allergic epidemic. Over recent years great advances have been achieved in the field of in vitro allergy testing and component-resolved diagnosis has increasingly entered clinical practice. Testing for allergen components can contribute to a more precise diagnosis by discriminating primary from cross-reactive sensitizations and assessing the risk of severe allergic reactions. The basic concept of th...
Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics - February 19, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Fifty years of allergy: 1965–2015
Abstract The last 50 years in allergy could almost be considered the first 50 years. Over this time period, we have witnessed the emergence of allergy as a subspecialty, have seen and continue to observe a tremendous change in prevalence of allergic disease and have gained insight into the mechanisms that underlie allergic predisposition and disease manifestation. We have improved the care of children with many forms of allergic disease and now sit poised to be able to alter the natural history of allergic disease with the use of specific immunotherapy. There is much left to do in the next 50 years including understanding ...
Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health - January 14, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dianne E Campbell, Sam Mehr Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Recent advances on diagnosis and management of childhood asthma and food allergies
The epidemic of childhood allergic disorders has been associated to the decline of infectious disease. However, exposure to many triggers (airborne viruses, tobacco smoke, pollution, indoor allergens, etc.) contribute to the disease. Breast feeding practices, nutrition, dietary and obesity also play a multifaceted role in shaping the observed worldwide trends of childhood allergies. Guidelines for treatment are available, but their implementation is suboptimal. Then developed countries are slowing learning integrating the development of suitable guidelines with implementation plans. Awareness, psychosocial and family facto...
Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics - December 27, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dani HakimehSalvatore Tripodi Source Type: research

Measles: the legacy of low vaccine coverage
Measles is among the most infectious diseases of humans. Prior to the introduction of vaccination, virtually every child in the UK caught measles during two-yearly epidemics that each involved up to 700 000 reported cases. The illness presents with fever, coryza, cough and conjunctivitis before progressing to the classic rash after 2–4 days.1 Complications are more common in the very young and in adults and include otitis media, pneumonia, diarrhoea, keratitis and encephalitis. Although measles still kills around 150 000 children per year worldwide, in industrialised countries, case-fatality ratios are...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - September 12, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ramsay, M. E. Tags: Liver disease, Oncology, Diarrhoea, Eye Diseases, Editor's choice, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Hepatitis and other GI infections, Otitis, Pneumonia (infectious disease), TB and other respiratory infections, Vaccination / im Source Type: research

Developing a palliative care service for children in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
We describe here how it developed and expanded in the ensuing years and how it has affected our staff, the children and their families in our care.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - August 13, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Molyneux, E. M., Lavy, V., Bunn, M., Palmer, Z., Chiputula, F. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), ADC Global child health, HIV/AIDS, Child health, Hospice, Sexual health Source Type: research