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What Are Common Gastrointestinal Polyposes in Children?
Discussion Bloody stools or blood in the diaper is a relatively common complaint in general pediatrics. For most patients it is often a minor concern. Commonly it is a transient problem (e.g. rectal fissure caused by constipation or trauma) or often not blood (e.g. urate crystals in the diaper, food, menses, etc.). Real blood does occur with an identifiable cause such as long distance running or heavy exercise, or milk protein allergy/sensitivity that improves with a milk-restricted diet. Many more serious causes are associated with heavier or more recalcitrant bleeding, increased defecation, abdominal pain, poor eating an...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - January 24, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What can clinical immunology learn from inborn errors of epigenetic regulators?
The epigenome is at the interface between environmental factors and the genome, regulating gene transcription, DNA repair and replication. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining cell identity and are especially crucial for neurology, musculoskeletal integrity, and the function of the immune system. Mutations in genes encoding for the components of the epigenetic machinery lead to the development of distinct disorders, especially involving the central nervous system and host defense.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 16, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nadezhda Camacho-Ordonez, Esteban Ballestar, H.Th. Marc Timmers, Bodo Grimbacher Source Type: research

NIDCR's Spring 2020 E-Newsletter
Having trouble viewing this email? View it as a Web page. NIDCR's Spring 2020 E-Newsletter In this issue: NIDCR News Funding Opportunities NIH/HHS News Funding Notices Science Advances Subscribe to NICDR News Grantee News   NIDCR News CDC’s COVID-19 Guidance for Dental Settings  Dental health care personnel can find COVID-19-related information on the CDC’s Division of Oral Health website, which offers guidance and resources for clinics and health care facilities and recommendations for respondi...
Source: NIDCR Science News - March 27, 2020 Category: Dentistry Source Type: news

Autoimmune Disease in Women: Endocrine Transition and Risk Across the Lifespan
Conclusion Autoimmune disease states show strong associations with endocrinological changes in human and animal studies. There is clear evidence for the role of sex steroids in the immune disturbances that result in autoimmune diseases (Figure 2). The majority of women who pass through the different endocrinological transition states do not succumb to autoimmune diseases. FIGURE 2 Figure 2. Factors that contribute to increased incidence and prevalence of autoimmunity in women. In women (46XX) with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune states, external environmental stimuli affect modifying factors as well as endo...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 28, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

What Are the Types of Tracheoesophageal Fistulas?
Discussion Respiratory problems in infants can caused by many things including any type of obstruction from the nose to lung. Neonates and infants are particularly susceptible to changes in the size of the airway because of the physics of airflow resistance. Important reminders about infant airways: Resistance = 1/radius4 (Poiseuille’s equation) therefore even a 1 mm decrease in the airway circumferences increases the airflow resistance x16. Increased airflow causes less pressure along the walls, which can lead to collapse of the walls (Bernoulli’s and Venturi effects). Neonates have smaller lungs relative to ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 4, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Are Risk Factors for Latex Allergy?
Discussion Latex comes from the Hevea brasiliensis plants. There are multiple potentially allergenic polypeptides within the plant’s fluid called Heb b 1-13. True sensitizers are Heb b 1, 5 and 6. Heb b 8 and 12 are cross-reacting proteins. The type of the latex product and how it is prepared makes a difference in exposure to the latex allergens. Certain extruded latex products such as catheters and rubber stoppers have higher concentrations of true sensitizer allergens. Products made from molds such as gloves have higher concentrations of potential allergens than latex made in sheets such as such as dental dams. Use...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 1, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Thriving in 2013: A year in review
2013 was a year of varying emotion in Boston—from the tragedy of the marathon bombings to the elation of the first World Series victory at Fenway Park in nearly a century. And if the past 12 months have taught me anything, it’s that learning to appreciate the good moments and figuring out how to stay strong during the difficult times are what truly define our strength of character. It’s an important life lesson, and one that stayed with me as I compiled the top Thriving stories of 2013. The following blogs document many of the great achievements our staff and patients experienced in 2013, as well as the coura...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - December 31, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tripp Underwood Tags: All posts patient stories Source Type: news

Epstein-Barr virus–independent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in DNA ligase 4 deficiency
We report on one of the first patients, 411BR, who carried a homozygous 833G>A/R278H mutation and 2 cooperating homozygous N-terminal single nucleotide polymorphisms. Despite remaining well for many years, albeit with profound learning difficulties, persistent anemia, thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia, bronchiectasis, and combined immunodeficiency treated with immunoglobulin replacement (see in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org), he re-presented at 23 years of age with rapidly enlarging cervical lymphadenopathy. EBV was negative in blood by PCR. Biopsy revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Com...
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 10, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Chris M. Bacon, Sarah J. Wilkinson, Gavin P. Spickett, Dawn Barge, Helen H. Lucraft, Graham Jackson, Vikki Rand, Andrew R. Gennery Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research