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Amphiphilic small peptides for delivery of plasmid DNAs and siRNAs
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As novel nucleic acid carriers, linear and branched amphiphilic peptides were prepared. Each peptide was compared in terms of SNALP size, stability, and delivery activities for plasmid DNA (pDNA) and siRNA. Among the five peptides, a linear peptide H‐RCL was an effective delivery carrier for both siRNA and pDNA. Introduction of a benzoyl group to H‐RCL significantly enhanced siRNA delivery, but greatly reduced pDNA delivery. These demonstrated that a small structural modification of the peptides can modulate their delivery properties.
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - October 20, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Eun ‐Kyoung Bang, Hanna Cho, Sean S‐H Jeon, Na Ly Tran, Dong‐Kwon Lim, Wooyoung Hur, Taebo Sim Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
PP2A regulates SCF-induced cardiac stem cell migration through interaction with p38 MAPK
Publication date: 15 December 2017 Source:Life Sciences, Volume 191 Author(s): Ying Wang, Yanli Xia, Dong Kuang, Yaqi Duan, Guoping Wang Aims Previous studies have shown that stem cell factor (SCF) induces the migration of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and helps to repair myocardial infarctions. Earlier studies on the migration mechanism only focused on the activation of kinases; here, we aimed to explore the functional role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in SCF-induced CSC migration. Main methods CSCs were treated with SCF, PP2A enzymatic activity was measured, the phosphorylation levels of PP2A, p38 MAPK and cofilin were ...
Source: Life Sciences - October 14, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Acute telomerase components depletion triggers oxidative stress as an early event previous to telomeric shortening
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2017 Source:Redox Biology Author(s): José Santiago Ibáñez-Cabellos, Gisselle Pérez-Machado, Marta Seco-Cervera, Ester Berenguer-Pascual, José Luis García-Giménez, Federico V. Pallardó Loss of function of dyskerin (DKC1), NOP10 and TIN2 are responsible for different inheritance patterns of Dyskeratosis congenita (DC; ORPHA1775). They are key components of telomerase (DKC1 and NOP10) and shelterin (TIN2), and play an important role in telomere homeostasis. They participate in several fundamental cellular processes by contributing to Dyskeratosis congenita through mechanis...
Source: Redox Biology - October 7, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sirt1-Sirt3 axis regulates human blood-brain barrier permeability in response to ischemia
In this study, we investigated the role of Sirt1-Sirt3 axis in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability after ischemia in vitro. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes were co-cultured to model the BBB in vitro and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was performed to mimic ischemia. The results of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) showed that suppression of Sirt1 via siRNA or salermide significantly decreased BBB permeability, whereas Sirt3 knockdown increased BBB permeability. In addition, Sirt1 was shown to regulate Sirt3 expression after OGD through inhibiting the AMPK-PGC1 pathway. Applica...
Source: Redox Biology - September 29, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Down-regulation of miR-605 promotes the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells by up-regulating EN2
This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-605 and EN2 in prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and methods In this research, the expression of miR-605 and EN2 protein in PCa tissues and cells were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and the tumor cell invasion assay was accomplished with transwell system. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle. The endogenous expression of miR-605 and EN2 was modulated by recombinant plasmids and cell transfection. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the interaction betwee...
Source: Life Sciences - September 28, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Nitric oxide donor Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO(3+) induces uncoupling and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoting oxidant production.
Abstract
[Ru(terpy)(bdq)NO](3+) (TERPY) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor that promotes relaxation of the mesenteric artery and aorta in rats. We sought to investigate whether it acts as both an NO donor and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activator, as shown previously for nitroglycerin. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with empty vector (HEK) or eNOS cDNA (HEK-eNOS) were treated with TERPY (1µM) for different lengths of time. eNOS expression, dimerization, and Ser(1177) phosphorylation, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) oligomerization, Cav-1 Tyr(14) phosphorylation we...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - September 9, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Potje SR, Chen Z, Oliveira SDS, Bendhack LM, da Silva RS, Bonini MG, Antoniali C, Minshall RD Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research
SOCS2 exacerbates myocardial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in diabetic mice and H9c2 cells through inhibiting the JAK-STAT-IGF-1 pathway
This study aimed to investigate potential candidates and molecular mechanisms of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Main methods Type 2 diabetic and myocardial I/R mouse models were established with a high fat-diet (HFD) for 24weeks and subjecting to global ischemia/reperfusion for 1h/3h, respectively. Microarray analysis was applied to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hearts of these mice. Moreover, H9c2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG) and/or hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). Subsequently, the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2)...
Source: Life Sciences - September 8, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Reduced levels of methyltransferase DNMT2 sensitize human fibroblasts to oxidative stress and DNA damage that is accompanied by changes in proliferation-related miRNA expression
Publication date: April 2018 Source:Redox Biology, Volume 14 Author(s): Anna Lewinska, Jagoda Adamczyk-Grochala, Ewa Kwasniewicz, Anna Deregowska, Ewelina Semik, Tomasz Zabek, Maciej Wnuk Methyltransferase DNMT2 is suggested to be involved in the regulation of numerous processes, however its biological significance and underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we have used WI-38 and BJ human fibroblasts as an in vitro model system to investigate the effects of siRNA-based DNMT2 silencing. DNMT2-depleted cells were found to be sensitive to oxidative stress conditions as judged by increased produ...
Source: Redox Biology - August 31, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Thymosin β4 is involved in the antimicrobial immune response of Golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus
Publication date: October 2017 Source:Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 69 Author(s): Yun Sun, Xiaojuan Chen, Yue Xu, Qiaohong Liu, Xue Jiang, Shifeng Wang, Weiliang Guo, Yongcan Zhou Thymosin beta belongs to the thymosin family, which consists of a series of highly conserved peptides involved in various biological processes. In teleosts, understanding of the immunological functions of thymosin beta is limited, particularly in vivo, which is essentially unknown. In the current study, we cloned and identified thymosin beta 4 from the teleost fish Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), which we have named TroTβ4. ...
Source: Fish and Shellfish Immunology - August 30, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Glucocorticoids regulate MiR-29c levels in vascular smooth muscle cells through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms
The objective of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism by which glucocorticoids (GCs) induce of miR-29c expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Main methods QRT-PCR was used for miR-29c detection. Protein levels were determined by western blotting. Knockdown of SP1, DNMT1 and DNMT3A was achieved through transfection with their specific respective siRNAs. The effect of GCs on SP1 activity was determined by luciferase reporter assay and the methylation status in miR-29c promoter was detected by methylation specific PCR. CHIP assay was used to determine the binding ability of SP1 and glucocorticoid receptor...
Source: Life Sciences - August 12, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Role of canonical transient receptor potential channel-3 in acetylcholine-induced mouse airway smooth muscle cell proliferation
Publication date: Available online 9 August 2017 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Xiao-Xu Chen, Jia-Hua Zhang, Bin-Hua Pan, Hui-Li Ren, Xiu-Ling Feng, Jia-Ling Wang, Jun-Hua Xiao Aims Canonical transient receptor potential channel-3 (TRPC3)-encoded Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel (NSCC) has been proven to be an important native constitutively active channel in airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC), which plays significant roles in physiological and pathological conditions by controlling Ca2+ homeostasis in ASMC. Acetylcholine (ACh) is generally accepted as a contractile parasympathetic neurotransmitter in the airway....
Source: Life Sciences - August 9, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Lysocardiolipin Acyltransferase Regulates TGF- β Mediated Lung Fibroblast Differentiation.
In this study, we investigated the role of LYCAT in TGF-β mediated differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and whether this occurred through mitochondrial superoxide and NOX4 mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Our data indicated that LYCAT expression was up-regulated in primary lung fibroblasts isolated from IPF patients and bleomycin-challenged mice, compared to controls. In vitro, siRNA-mediated SMAD3 depletion inhibited TGF-β stimulated LYCAT expression in human lung fibroblasts. ChIP immunoprecipitation assay revealed TGF-β stimulated SMAD2/3 binding to the endogenous LYCAT promoter, ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - July 24, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Huang LS, Jiang P, Feghali-Bostwick C, Reddy SP, Garcia JGN, Natarajan V Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide-mediated MAPK inhibition preserves endothelial function through TXNIP signaling.
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrated deficient cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)/H2S implicated the development of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to evaluating the favorable action of CSE derived H2S on endothelial function in CSE(-/-) mice. CSE(-/-) mice exhibited attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxations, coupled with reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at site of Ser1177, increase of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) level and MAPK phosphorylation, which were corrected by sodium hydrosulfide chronic treatment for 8 weeks. Impaired relaxations to ACh and ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - June 29, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Tian D, Dong J, Jin S, Teng X, Wu Y Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research
LEF1-mediated MMP13 gene expression is repressed by SIRT1 in human chondrocytes Research
In this study, we assessed the role of SIRT1 in LEF1-mediated MMP13 gene expression in human OA chondrocytes. Results showed that MMP13 protein levels and enzymatic activity decreased significantly during SIRT1 overexpression or activation by resveratrol. Conversely, MMP13 gene expression was reduced in chondrocytes transfected with SIRT1 siRNA or treated with nicotinamide (NAM), a sirtuin inhibitor. Chondrocytes challenged with IL-1β, a cytokine involved in OA pathogenesis, enhanced LEF1 protein levels and gene expression, resulting in increased MMP13 gene expression; however, overexpression of SIRT1 during IL-1&beta...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 29, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Elayyan, J., Lee, E.-J., Gabay, O., Smith, C. A., Qiq, O., Reich, E., Mobasheri, A., Henrotin, Y., Kimber, S. J., Dvir-Ginzberg, M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and arterial neointima formation associated with acid sphingomyelinase during hypercholesterolemia
Publication date: October 2017 Source:Redox Biology, Volume 13 Author(s): Saisudha Koka, Min Xia, Yang Chen, Owais M. Bhat, Xinxu Yuan, Krishna M. Boini, Pin-Lan Li The NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported to be activated by atherogenic factors, whereby endothelial injury and consequent atherosclerotic lesions are triggered in the arterial wall. However, the mechanisms activating and regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes remain poorly understood. The present study tested whether acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and ceramide associated membrane raft (MR) signaling platforms contribute to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and ather...
Source: Redox Biology - June 19, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
