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PERSPECTIVES Small Heat Shock Proteins, Amyloid Fibrils, and Nicotine Stimulate a Common Immune Suppressive Pathway with Implications for Future Therapies
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is central to the anti-inflammatory function of the vagus nerve in a physiological mechanism termed the inflammatory reflex. Studies on the inflammatory reflex have been instrumental for the current development of the field of bioelectronic medicine. An independent investigation of the biological role of αB-crystallin (HspB5), the most abundant gene transcript present in active multiple sclerosis lesions in human brains, also led to α7nAChR. Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in HspB5–/– mice results in greater p...
Source: Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine - June 30, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Rothbard, J. B., Kurnellas, M. P., Ousman, S. S., Brownell, S., Rothbard, J. J., Steinman, L. Tags: Bioelectronic Medicine PERSPECTIVES Source Type: research

What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Assessment of stability of CD34+ cell products enriched by immunoselection from peripheral blood mononuclear cells during refrigerated storage
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is generally used for haematopoietic regeneration after myeloablative therapy [1]. Therapeutic effects of stem cells in other diseases like heart failure [2,3], bone healing [4], chronic spinal cord injuries [5], retinal disorders [6], stroke [7], refractory Crohn disease [8] and multiple sclerosis [9] are being investigated in various clinical studies. Haematopoietic stem cells are most often collected in a mononuclear cell fraction by leukapheresis from peripheral blood.
Source: Transfusion and Apheresis Science - July 21, 2017 Category: Hematology Authors: Metka Krasna, Elvira Malicev, Jasmina Ziva Rozman, Bojan Vrtovec Source Type: research