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Hyperexcitable interneurons trigger cortical spreading depression in an Scn1a migraine model
Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a wave of depolarization followed by depression of cortical activity, is a pathophysiological process implicated in migraine with aura and various other brain pathologies, such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of CSD, we generated a mouse model for a severe monogenic subtype of migraine with aura, familial hemiplegic migraine type 3 (FHM3). FHM3 is caused by mutations in SCN1A, encoding the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.1 predominantly expressed in inhibitory interneurons. Homozygous Scn1aL1649Q knock-in mice died prematurely, wher...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - November 1, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Eva Auffenberg, Ulrike B.S. Hedrich, Raffaella Barbieri, Daniela Miely, Bernhard Groschup, Thomas V. Wuttke, Niklas Vogel, Philipp Lührs, Ilaria Zanardi, Sara Bertelli, Nadine Spielmann, Valerie Gailus-Durner, Helmut Fuchs, Martin Hrabě de Angelis, Mich Source Type: research

Initiation of migraine-related cortical spreading depolarization by hyperactivity of GABAergic neurons and NaV1.1 channels
Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are involved in migraine, epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the cellular origin and specific differential mechanisms are not clear. Increased glutamatergic activity is thought to be the key factor for generating cortical spreading depression (CSD), a pathological mechanism of migraine. Here, we show that acute pharmacological activation of NaV1.1 (the main Na+ channel of interneurons) or optogenetic-induced hyperactivity of GABAergic interneurons is sufficient to ignite CSD in the neocortex by spiking-generated extracellular K+ build-up. Neither ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - November 1, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Oana Chever, Sarah Zerimech, Paolo Scalmani, Louisiane Lemaire, Lara Pizzamiglio, Alexandre Loucif, Marion Ayrault, Martin Krupa, Mathieu Desroches, Fabrice Duprat, Isabelle Léna, Sandrine Cestèle, Massimo Mantegazza Source Type: research

Left Stellate Ganglion Ablation Inhibits Ventricular Arrhythmias through Macrophage Regulation in Canines with Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Conclusion: LSG ablation could reduce VAs vulnerability after acute stroke by preventing the macrophages polarization and activation induced by sympathetic hyperactivity. PMID: 33456346 [PubMed - in process]
Source: International Journal of Medical Sciences - January 20, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Int J Med Sci Source Type: research

Transient ischemia-reperfusion induces cortical hyperactivity and AMPAR trafficking in the somatosensory cortex.
Abstract Brain ischemia results from cardiac arrest, stroke or head trauma. The structural basis of rescuing the synaptic impairment and cortical dysfunctions induced in the stage of ischemic-reperfusion can occur if therapeutic interventions are applied in time, but the functional basis for this resilience remains elusive. Here, we explore the changes in cortical activity and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 subunit in spine (sGluA1) after transient ischemia-reperfusion in vivo for 28 days. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy in the mouse somatosensory cortex, we found ...
Source: Aging - March 8, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Li Y, Ding R, Wang F, Guo C, Liu A, Wei L, Yuan S, Chen F, Hou S, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Cudmore RH, Wang X, Shen H Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research

Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the healthcare industry: A review
This study comprehensively reviews brain-impaired patients: The studies involving patient populations and the diseases discussed in more than 10 works are included. Eleven diseases examined in this paper include autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, depressive disorders, anxiety and panic disorder, schizophrenia, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer ’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. For each disease, the tasks used for examination, fNIRS variables, and significant findings on the impairment are discussed. The channel configurations and the regio...
Source: Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences - September 11, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Keum-Shik Hong M. Atif Yaqub Source Type: research