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Why is Clinical fMRI in a Resting State?
Conclusions Despite some perceived impediments to expanding clinical rs-fMRI use, neuroradiologists were generally enthusiastic about rs-fMRI in research and clinical applications, believing that their current workplace MRI systems are suitable for rs-fMRI acquisition. Many of the concerns associated with using rs-fMRI in clinical contexts are related to: (1) developing better methods for minimizing physiological noise effects, (2) improving methods for detecting the spatial characteristics of clinically-relevant brain processing systems in individual patients, and (3) overcoming remaining standardization, training, and r...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Functional changes of neural circuits in stroke patients with dysphagia: a meta ‐analysis
ConclusionsThe hyperactivity of precentral gyrus is crucial in stroke patients with dysphagia and may be associated with the severity of stroke. Besides the motor areas, the Default‐Mode Network regions (DMN) and Affective Network regions (AN) circuits are also involved in dysphagia after stroke.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine - October 31, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lu Liu, Yuan Xiao, Wenjing Zhang, Li Yao, Xin Gao, Shah Chandan, Su Lui Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research

Let thy left brain know what thy right brain doeth: Inter-hemispheric compensation of functional deficits after brain damage
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2016 Source:Neuropsychologia Author(s): Paolo Bartolomeo, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten Recent evidence revealed the importance of inter-hemispheric communication for the compensation of functional deficits after brain damage. This review summarises the biological consequences observed using histology as well as the longitudinal findings measured with magnetic resonance imaging methods in brain damaged animals and patients. In particular, we discuss the impact of post-stroke brain hyperactivity on functional recovery in relation to time. The reviewed evidence also suggests that ...
Source: Neuropsychologia - June 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Let the left brain know what the right brain does: Inter-hemispheric compensation of functional deficits after brain damage
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2016 Source:Neuropsychologia Author(s): Paolo Bartolomeo, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten Recent evidence revealed the importance of inter-hemispheric communication for the compensation of functional deficits after brain damage. This review summarises the biological consequences observed using histology as well as the longitudinal findings measured with magnetic resonance imaging methods in brain damaged animals and patients. In particular, we discuss the impact of post-stroke brain hyperactivity on functional recovery in relation to time. The reviewed evidence also suggests that ...
Source: Neuropsychologia - June 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research

Autism in the Son of a Woman with Mitochondrial Myopathy and Dysautonomia: A Case Report
Conclusion Given emerging evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly in the electron transport chain needed for cellular energy production, is an underlying pathophysiological mechanism for some varieties of ASD, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for mitochondrial disease, especially when they encounter a patient with unusual neurological or constitutional symptoms. The prevalence of mitochondrial disease in ASD patients may be as high as five percent, which means that it is not the “zebra”[27] diagnosis that it might be in a non-ASD patient, where prevalence is about 0.01 percent.10 Reference...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - October 9, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Asperger's syndrome Autism Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Current Issue Intellectual Disability Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Pervasive Developmental Disorders ASD autism spectrum disorder dysauton Source Type: research

Clinical and Neuroimaging Features in Two Children with Mutations in the Mitochondrial ND5 Gene
This study reports the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in two pediatric patients with mutations in the ND5 gene of mitochondrial DNA. The 8-month-old boy with m.13513 G > A mutation presented with infantile basal ganglia stroke syndrome secondary to mineralizing angiopathy. The 7-year-old girl with the m.13514A > G mutation had episodic regression, progressive ataxia, optic atrophy, and hyperactivity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed bilateral symmetrical signal intensity changes in the thalamus, tectal plate, and inferior olivary nucleus, which subsided on follow-up image. Both...
Source: Neuropediatrics - May 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Sonam, KothariBindu, P. S.Taly, Arun B.Govindaraju, ChikkannaGayathri, NarayanappaArvinda, Hanumanthapura R.Nagappa, MadhuSinha, SanjibKhan, Nahid AktharGovindaraj, PeriyasamyThangaraj, Kumarasamy Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

The impact of constraint induced movement therapy on brain activation in chronic stroke patients with upper extremity paralysis: An fMRI study
This study is designed to explore the impact of constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT) on brain activation in chronic stroke patients with upper extremity paralysis and seek valuable predictors of recovery. Six chronic stroke patients with right hand dysfunction and nine healthy control subjects participated in the study. The patient's hand function was assessed by the Action Research Arm Test and statistical significance was determined by a paired Student's t‐tests. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed the data using Analysis of Functional Neuroimages software. After CIMT, function of th...
Source: International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology - August 13, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Bo Wen, Lin Ma, Changshui Weng Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Myocardial injury in a 41-year-old male treated with methylphenidate: a case report
Conclusions: When interpreting troponin results it is important to take into account the context of the patient's clinical presentation, including the possibility of adverse drug reactions. The adverse drug reaction could include a combination of vasospasm and/or increased oxygen demand due to tachycardia. This case should be borne in mind before a diagnosis of myocardial infarction is given, or a decision to perform invasive coronary angiography is made in patients that use methylphenidate or related substances. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging could be of diagnostic value in such cases.
Source: BioMed Central - July 29, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lisa Drange HoleJan Schjøtt Source Type: research