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Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear evidence whether metformin monotherapy compared with no intervention, behaviour changing interventions or other glucose-lowering drugs influences patient-important outcomes. PMID: 32501595 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 4, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gnesin F, Thuesen ACB, Kähler LKA, Madsbad S, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is inconclusive evidence whether M+S combination therapy compared with metformin plus another glucose-lowering intervention results in benefit or harm for most patient-important outcomes (mortality, SAEs, macrovascular and microvascular complications) with the exception of hypoglycaemia (more harm for M+S combination). No RCT reported on health-related quality of life. PMID: 30998259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 17, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Madsen KS, Kähler P, Kähler LKA, Madsbad S, Gnesin F, Metzendorf MI, Richter B, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Obesity and inflammation: the linking mechanism and the complications.
Authors: Ellulu MS, Patimah I, Khaza'ai H, Rahmat A, Abed Y Abstract Obesity is the accumulation of abnormal or excessive fat that may interfere with the maintenance of an optimal state of health. The excess of macronutrients in the adipose tissues stimulates them to release inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, and reduces production of adiponectin, predisposing to a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress. The increased level of interleukin 6 stimulates the liver to synthesize and secrete C-reactive protein. As a risk factor, inflammation is an imbedded mechanism of develo...
Source: Archives of Medical Science - July 20, 2017 Category: General Medicine Tags: Arch Med Sci Source Type: research

Kidney involvement in MELAS syndrome: Description of 2 cases.
CONCLUSION: The presence of FSGS or other kidney involvement accompanied by hereditary neurosensory deafness and T2DM could be suggestive of a A3243G tRNA(Leu) mutation and should prompt a genetic testing and an evaluation of potential extrarenal involvement. PMID: 28283275 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Medicina Clinica - March 12, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Med Clin (Barc) Source Type: research

Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions Pioglitazone was associated with reduced risk of MACE in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. However, the risks of heart failure, bone fracture, oedema and weight gain were increased.
Source: BMJ Open - January 4, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Liao, H.-W., Saver, J. L., Wu, Y.-L., Chen, T.-H., Lee, M., Ovbiagele, B. Tags: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Source Type: research

Rationale and design of Short-Term EXenatide therapy in Acute ischaemic Stroke (STEXAS): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group study
Conclusions As GLP-1 analogues require elevated glucose levels to exert their insulin potentiating activity, the use of exenatide in the management of hyperglycaemia in AIS may reduce the incidence of hypoglycaemia, thereby conferring a benefit in morbidity and mortality for patients in the long term. Trial registration number ACTRN12614001189617.
Source: BMJ Open - February 24, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: McGrath, R. T., Hocking, S. L., Priglinger, M., Day, S., Herkes, G. K., Krause, M., Fulcher, G. R. Tags: Open access, Neurology, Research methods, Diabetes and Endocrinology Protocol Source Type: research

Pediatric obesity: Causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment.
Authors: Xu S, Xue Y Abstract Pediatric or childhood obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children and adolescents worldwide. Approximately 43 million individuals are obese, 21-24% children and adolescents are overweight, and 16-18% of individuals have abdominal obesity. The prevalence of obesity is highest among specific ethnic groups. Obesity increases the risk of heart diseases in children and adults. Childhood obesity predisposes the individual to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver and kidney diseases and causes reproductive dysfunction in adults. Obe...
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - February 4, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies.
This article reviews the most recent CV outcome trials of the DPP-4 inhibitors (SAVOR-TIMI 53, EXAMINE, and TECOS) as evidence that the incretin-based therapies have acceptable CV safety profiles for patients with T2DM. The studies differ with regard to patient population, trial duration, and heart failure outcomes but show similar findings for CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke, as well as hospitalization for unstable angina. PMID: 26768240 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annual Review of Medicine - January 14, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: White WB, Baker WL Tags: Annu Rev Med Source Type: research

WITHDRAWN: Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Metformin may be the first therapeutic option in the diabetes mellitus type 2 with overweight or obesity, as it may prevent some vascular complications, and mortality. Metformin produces beneficial changes in glycaemia control, and moderated in weight, lipids, insulinaemia and diastolic blood pressure. Sulphonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, insulin, and diet fail to show more benefit for glycaemia control, body weight, or lipids, than metformin. PMID: 26421423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 30, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Saenz A, Fernandez-Esteban I, Mataix A, Ausejo Segura M, Roqué I Figuls M, Moher D Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Comparative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients taking different insulin regimens for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Conclusions This systematic review of randomised and non-randomised studies identifies a substantive gap in the literature surrounding the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of patients using different regimens of insulin. There is a need for more consistent high-quality evidence investigating the impact of insulin use on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration number PROSPERO: CRD42014007631.
Source: BMJ Open - March 11, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Price, H. I., Agnew, M. D., Gamble, J.-M. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Source Type: research

Sudachitin, a polymethoxylated flavone, improves glucose and lipid metabolism by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle
Conclusions: Sudachitin may improve dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome by improving energy metabolism. Furthermore, it also induces mitochondrial biogenesis to protect against metabolic disorders.
Source: BioMed Central - July 4, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Rie TsutsumiTomomi YoshidaYoshitaka NiiNaoki OkahisaShinya IwataMasao TsukayamaRei HashimotoYasuko TaniguchiHiroshi SakaueToshio HosakaEmi ShutoTohru Sakai Source Type: research

Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Tight blood sugar control reduces the risk of developing microvascular diabetes complications. The evidence of benefit is mainly from studies in younger patients at early stages of the disease. Benefits need to be weighed against risks including severe hypoglycaemia, and patient training is an important aspect in practice. The effects of tight blood sugar control seem to become weaker once complications have been manifested. However, further research is needed on this issue. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence from RCTs on the effects of tight blood sugar control in older patient populations or patients w...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 14, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Fullerton B, Jeitler K, Seitz M, Horvath K, Berghold A, Siebenhofer A Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

DiaSurg 2 trial - surgical vs. medical treatment of insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with a body mass index between 26 and 35 kg/m2: study protocol of a randomized controlled multicenter trial - DRKS00004550
This study aims at investigating whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an efficient treatment for non-severely obese T2DM patients in terms of preventing long-term complications and mortality. Methods: The DiaSurg 2 trial is a multicenter, open randomized controlled trial comparing RYGB including standardized medical treatment if needed to exclusive standardized medical treatment of T2DM (control group). The primary endpoint is a composite time-to-event endpoint (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, coronary bypass, percutaneous coronary intervention, non-fatal stroke, amputation, surgery for peripheral athero...
Source: Trials - June 20, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hannes KenngottGabriella ClemensMatthias GondanJonas SenftMarkus DienerGottfried RudofskyPeter NawrothMarkus BüchlerLars FischerBeat Müller-Stich Source Type: research

DiaSurg 2 trial - surgical vs. medical treatment of insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with a body mass index between 26 and 35 kg/m2: study protocol of a randomized controlled multicenter trial - DRKS00004550
This study aims at investigating whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an efficient treatment for non-severely obese T2DM patients in terms of preventing long-term complications and mortality. Methods: The DiaSurg 2 trial is a multicenter, open randomized controlled trial comparing RYGB including standardized medical treatment if needed to exclusive standardized medical treatment of T2DM (control group). The primary endpoint is a composite time-to-event endpoint (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, coronary bypass, percutaneous coronary intervention, non-fatal stroke, amputation, surgery for peripheral athero...
Source: BioMed Central - June 20, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hannes G KenngottGabriella ClemensMatthias GondanJonas SenftMarkus K DienerGottfried RudofskyPeter P NawrothMarkus W BüchlerLars FischerBeat P Müller-Stich Source Type: research

MIDD or MELAS : that's not the question MIDD evolving into MELAS : a severe phenotype of the m.3243A>G mutation due to paternal co-inheritance of type 2 diabetes and a high heteroplasmy level.
MIDD or MELAS : that's not the question MIDD evolving into MELAS : a severe phenotype of the m.3243A>G mutation due to paternal co-inheritance of type 2 diabetes and a high heteroplasmy level. Neth J Med. 2012 Dec;70(10):460-2 Authors: de Wit HM, Westeneng HJ, van Engelen BG, Mudde AH Abstract Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) are different syndromes, but are caused by the same m.3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Why some patients develop MIDD while others MELAS is unknown, but may be relate...
Source: The Netherlands Journal of Medicine - December 1, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: de Wit HM, Westeneng HJ, van Engelen BG, Mudde AH Tags: Neth J Med Source Type: research