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Condition: Autism

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Total 234 results found since Jan 2013.

Cognitive and language skills in adults with autism: a 40‐year follow‐up
ConclusionsFor most individuals with autism who had an IQ in the average range (i.e. ≥70) as children, childhood IQ proved a reliable predictor of cognitive functioning well into mid‐ to‐ later adulthood. However, a significant minority was no longer testable on standard tests as adults. Their current very low levels of functional ability were generally associated with severe behavioural disturbance and persisting and severe language impairment; 50% of these individuals had also developed epilepsy, pointing to the role of organic brain dysfunction. Implications for early intervention are discussed.
Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry - July 15, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Patricia Howlin, Sarah Savage, Philippa Moss, Althea Tempier, Michael Rutter Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

NINDS epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders workshop report
The association of epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), although well-recognized, is poorly understood. The purpose of this report is to summarize the discussion of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, with support from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Autism Speaks, and Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy, that took place in Bethesda, Maryland, on May 29 and 30, 2012. The goals of this workshop were to highlight the clinical and biological relationships between ASD and epilepsy, to determine both short- and long-term goals that addr...
Source: Neurology - October 28, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Tuchman, R., Hirtz, D., Mamounas, L. A. Tags: All Pediatric, Developmental disorders, Autism, All Epilepsy/Seizures, All Genetics VIEWS & amp;amp; REVIEWS Source Type: research

Environmental enrichment and brain repair: Harnessing the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity to enhance experience‐dependent plasticity
Abstract Environmental enrichment (EE) increases levels of novelty and complexity, inducing enhanced sensory, cognitive and motor stimulation. In wild‐type rodents, EE has been found to have a range of effects, such as enhancing experience‐dependent cellular plasticity and cognitive performance, relative to standard‐housed controls. Whilst environmental enrichment is of course a relative term, dependent on the nature of control environmental conditions, epidemiological studies suggest that EE has direct clinical relevance to a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. EE has been demonstrated to induce benefic...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - December 3, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Anthony J. Hannan Tags: Special Issue Source Type: research

The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease
The posterior cingulate cortex is a highly connected and metabolically active brain region. Recent studies suggest it has an important cognitive role, although there is no consensus about what this is. The region is typically discussed as having a unitary function because of a common pattern of relative deactivation observed during attentionally demanding tasks. One influential hypothesis is that the posterior cingulate cortex has a central role in supporting internally-directed cognition. It is a key node in the default mode network and shows increased activity when individuals retrieve autobiographical memories or plan f...
Source: Brain - January 13, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Leech, R., Sharp, D. J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Review: Environmental enrichment and brain repair: harnessing the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity to enhance experience‐dependent plasticity
Environmental enrichment (EE) increases levels of novelty and complexity, inducing enhanced sensory, cognitive and motor stimulation. In wild‐type rodents, EE has been found to have a range of effects, such as enhancing experience‐dependent cellular plasticity and cognitive performance, relative to standard‐housed controls. Whilst environmental enrichment is of course a relative term, dependent on the nature of control environmental conditions, epidemiological studies suggest that EE has direct clinical relevance to a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. EE has been demonstrated to induce beneficial effec...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - January 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: A. J. Hannan Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Physical activity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and in the general population
Conclusions: Levels of physical activity were low in adolescent psychiatric patients compared with the general population, yet activity levels differed considerably between various disorders. The findings underscore the importance of assessing physical activity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and providing early intervention to promote mental as well as physical health in this early stage of life.
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health - January 22, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wenche MangerudOttar BjerkesetStian LydersenMarit Indredavik Source Type: research

Epilepsy beyond seizure: A population-based study of comorbidities
This study contributes to that effort by providing population-based comorbidity data for PWE compared with PWM and PWLF.
Source: Epilepsy Research - January 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Anbesaw W. Selassie, Dulaney A. Wilson, Gabriel U. Martz, Georgette G. Smith, Janelle L. Wagner, Braxton B. Wannamaker Tags: Research Papers Source Type: research

Unprecedented detail of intact neuronal receptor offers blueprint for drug developers
Biologists have succeeded in obtaining an unprecedented view of a type of brain-cell receptor that is implicated in a range of neurological illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, autism, and ischemic injuries associated with stroke. The team's atomic-level picture of the intact NMDA receptor should serve as template and guide for the design of therapeutic compounds.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - May 29, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news

Oxytocin and social cognition
Individual differences in our capacity to read other people's emotions and to remember faces we have seen before are highly variable in the general population. Some people are super-recognizers; others have difficulty remembering their own family members. Such abilities are also highly heritable, implying our genetic makeup exerts an important influence. But what genes are involved in social perception? Where do they act when our brains process social signals? What happens if the social perception system malfunctions? How does it affect our social behaviour? These are questions I aim to answer in this lecture. The neuropep...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 9, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Skuse, D. Tags: Genetics, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Stroke, Child and adolescent psychiatry British Neuropsychiatry Association 27th AGMInstitute of Child Health, Central London Source Type: research

Joint hypermobility and autonomic hyperactivity: relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders
Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time that rates of hypermobility and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are particularly high in adults with neurodevelopmental diagnoses. It is likely that the importance of hypermobility and autonomic dysfunction to the generation and maintenance of psychopathology in neurodevelopmental disorders is poorly appreciated. Work underway(autonomic testing, fMRI) will test the hypothesis that autonomic reactivity and interoceptive sensitivity predispose to the expression of psychiatric symptoms, particularly anxiety. It is further hypothesized that inefficient neural co-ordination of effe...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 9, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Eccles, J., Iodice, V., Dowell, N., Owens, A., Hughes, L., Skipper, S., Lycette, Y., Humphries, K., Harrison, N., Mathias, C., Critchley, H. Tags: Neurogastroenterology, Genetics, Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons), Muscle disease, Neuromuscular disease, Stroke, Anxiety disorders (including OCD and PTSD), Child and adolescent psychiatry, Mood disorders (including depression), Fibromyalgia, M Source Type: research

Voiceitt Announce launch of Indiegogo Crowdfunding Campaign
Have you ever wondered what it is like to not be able to communicate your thoughts and needs? Perhaps you know someone with Autism who has invented their own language or have had a loved one after a stroke or CP unable to utter understandable sentences. Maybe you have witnessed someone with a degenerative disease like Lou Gehrig's or Parkinson’s struggle to order a pizza, buy a bus ticket, or simply ask for directions from a stranger?
Source: Disabled World - August 19, 2014 Category: Disability Tags: Product Investors Source Type: news

Estrogen receptor expression may help explain why more males have autism
(Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University) The same sex hormone that helps protect females from stroke may also reduce their risk of autism, scientists say.
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - September 9, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

A Metasynthesis of Patient-Provider Communication in Hospital for Patients with Severe Communication Disabilities: Informing New Translational Research.
Abstract Poor patient-provider communication in hospital continues to be cited as a possible causal factor in preventable adverse events for patients with severe communication disabilities. Yet to date there are no reports of empirical interventions that investigate or demonstrate an improvement in communication in hospital for these patients. The aim of this review was to synthesize the findings of research into communication in hospital for people with severe communication disabilities arising from lifelong and acquired stable conditions including cerebral palsy, autism, intellectual disability, aphasia followin...
Source: Augmentative and Alternative Communication - September 17, 2014 Category: Speech Therapy Authors: Hemsley B, Balandin S Tags: Augment Altern Commun Source Type: research

Georgia Regents University study: Sex hormone linked to autism (VIDEO)
Scientists at Georgia Regents University in Augusta say a sex hormone that helps protect females from stroke may also reduce their risk of autism. The researchers have found that the expression of estrogen receptor beta is significantly decreased in autistic brains, reports Georgia Health News. The findings about estrogen receptor beta as well as that of an enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen could help explain the high testosterone levels in autistic individuals and higher autism rates…
Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Pharmaceuticals headlines - September 22, 2014 Category: Pharmaceuticals Authors: Carla Caldwell Source Type: research

Retour Aux Sources: Defining the structural basis of glutamate receptor activation.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 25239456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - September 19, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Dawe GB, Aurousseau MR, Daniels BA, Bowie D Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research