• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Human, Nonhuman Primate, and Bat Cells Are Broadly Susceptible to Tibrovirus Particle Cell Entry
Discussion Tibroviruses are highly undercharacterized rhabdoviruses with unknown pathogenic potential. All isolated tibroviruses (BAV, BHV, CPV, SWBV, and TIBV) have only been found in biting midge vectors or in various, apparently healthy non-human mammals (Cybinski et al., 1980; Standfast et al., 1984; Cybinski and Gard, 1986; Gibbs et al., 1989). The discovery of BASV, EKV-1, and EKV-2 genomes in human sera (Grard et al., 2012; Stremlau et al., 2015) suggests that at least some tibroviruses could infect humans. Because BASV was discovered in the serum of a severely ill individual, tibroviruses should be considered pote...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Innate Lymphoid Cells: Expression of PD-1 and Other Checkpoints in Normal and Pathological Conditions
Conclusions and Future Perspectives It is now evident that NK/ILC family plays a pivotal role in the immune defenses. Recent studies in murine and human settings demonstrated that the expression of several inhibitory checkpoints, that may be detrimental in the tumor context, is not restricted to T lymphocytes, revealing an important, yet poorly appreciated, contribution of their expression on innate immune cells. Thus, in the recent years different immunotherapy approaches, based on the blockade of inhibitory NK cell receptors, have been developed in order to unleash NK cell cytotoxicity. This is particularly important in...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Metabolic Control of Dendritic Cell Functions: Digesting Information
In conclusion, a delicate balance of the complex system of nutrient sensing and mTOR (mTORC1) signaling is crucial to ensure appropriate development of DCs (23). Strikingly, loss of both mTOR complexes results in opposite effects on in vivo DC development compared with loss of mTORC1 alone, probably indicating differential inhibition of mTOR downstream targets and collaboration of mTOR complexes. Indeed, DC loss upon TSC1 deficiency is accompanied by increased DC apoptosis and enhanced metabolic activity due to TSC1-dependent inhibition of Myc, an effector downstream of mTOR (Figure 1), and reversed upon Myc loss (35). Of ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 24, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Provide Protection Against Bacterial-Induced Colitis
In conclusion, our data indicates that pDC have a protective role in limiting bacterial load in the gut and helping to maintain the intestinal barrier. As C. rodentium is closely related to the attaching and effacing human pathogens EPEC/EHEC, our work suggests that pDC may also play a role in protection from these organisms. More generally, a role for pDC in maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier and perhaps gut homeostasis would mean these cells may be important in protection from many human gut pathogens. pDC also appeared to regulate the systemic inflammatory response to pathogens released from the gut. Although pDC-de...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research