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Total 590 results found since Jan 2013.

A stroke mimic; focal neurological deficits in benign hereditary chorea?
Conclusion This case highlights the difficulties in assessing patients with new focal neurological symptoms in the presence of known, pre existing, neurological disease. It also serves to highlight how often erroneously progressive weakness is mislabelled as a ‘stroke’. Neurologists working together with acute physicians in liaison posts in MAU, provides a unique opportunity to improve overall recognition of neurological disease, and for patients potentially provides a more timely diagnostic work–up and the opportunity for early treatment.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Maw, K., Johnston, J., Rowntree, C., Kalhan, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Headache (including migraine), Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons), Neurooncology, Pain (neurology), Stroke, CNS cancer, Neuropathology, Radiology, Surgical diagnostic tests, Surgical oncology Association of Britis Source Type: research

A rare cause of the cavernous sinus syndrome and an old clinical lesson relearnt
Discussion Our case proved to be due to a rare cause, but it illustrates the importance of reviewing "normal" imaging when there is a strong clinical suspicion of a structural abnormality. Cavernous syndrome can be the presentation of haematological malignancy or other metastatic disease. Figure 1 (Left): CT head with contrast Figure 2 (Right): MRI head with gadolinium.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ng, Y. S., Davenport, R., Broom, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Cranial nerves, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Ophthalmology, Radiology, Surgical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics) Association of British Neurologists (ABN) joint meeting with the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) Source Type: research

A cjd mimic; 'feeding ice-cream to her cats'
Conclusions Primary CNS lymphoma is a rare cause of cognitive decline and most commonly affects individuals who are immunosuppressed, however in immunocompetent individuals, increasing age is a major risk factor. In the elderly most cases are diffuse large B–cell lymphoma which can present with a vast array of symptoms; seizures, neuropsychiatric symptoms, altered mental state, focal neurological deficits and systemic symptoms of weight loss, fever and night sweats. Neuroimaging is often highly variable and may differ between those who are immunocompetent or immunosuppressed. Ultimately, the gold–standard test ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Shute, C., Johnston, A., Neal, J., Smith, P. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Dementia, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease, Neuropathology, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Radiology, Surgical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnos Source Type: research

Fever and confusion in a returning soldier
A 36–year–old army engineer returned from a 6–week deployment in Afghanistan. He had complained of upper respiratory tract infection even before his travel. On return he was found to be increasingly sleepy and later developed unsteadiness, slurred speech and confusion. His initial blood tests were normal, with CSF and MRI suggesting signs of encephalitis. He continued to deteriorate, requiring intubation and ventilation. Several bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal tests were negative. He developed pancytopenia requiring frequent packed red cell and platelet transfusions. Spleen was found to be marginal...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Chandratheva, A., Singh, A. R., Sturman, S., Chaganti, S., Jacob, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Memory disorders (psychiatry) Association of British Neurologists (ABN) joint meeting with the Source Type: research

Hyperexcitable brain and refractory coeliac disease: a new syndrome
We present here the clinical and detail electrophysiological features of the largest series of 7 patients and further characterise and hence rename the syndrome as progressive cortical hyperexcitability with ataxia and refractory coeliac disease. The 7 patients (5 male, 2 female) were identified from a cohort of 540 patients with neurological manifestations of GRD that regularly attend our gluten/neurology clinic. The mean age at onset of the neurological symptoms was 58 years (range 46 to 76). Unlike myoclonic ataxia (eg in the context of opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome) the myoclonic tremor in these patients was ini...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Hadjivassiliou, M., Fotheringham, J., Sanders, D., Grunewald, R., Hoggard, N., Sarrigiannis, P. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Cranial nerves, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Headache (including migraine), Pain (neurology), Ophthalmology Association of British Neurologists (ABN) joint meeting with the Source Type: research

A case of 'ping-pong' gaze of unknown cause
A 66 year-old Indian gentleman with a background of type II diabetes, Crohn's disease and previously treated tuberculosis presented with double vision and unsteadiness. He was found to have a right-sided internuclear opthalmoplegia (INO) along with weakness and fasciculations in the lower limbs associated with brisk reflexes and an ataxic gait. An MRI scan of the brain and spinal cord revealed multiple supratentorial and infratentorial lesions. There was a hyperintensity in the right medial longitudinal fasciculus, which was felt to explain the INO. Cord and nerve root changes were also present. A CT angiogram of the brain...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Bedford, J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Coma and raised intracranial pressure, Neurological injury, Trauma CNS / PNS, Ophthalmology, Radiology, Radiology (diagnostics), Trauma, Injury Association of British Neurologists (ABN) joint meet Source Type: research

A rare cause of headache-the importance of a tissue diagnosis and perseverance
A 64 year old diabetic hypertensive milkman presented in September 2011 with 4 months progressive constant right frontotemporal retro–orbital pain. It was worse at night affecting sleep with slight right field blurring and later vomiting. Full examination including blood pressure was normal with acuities 6/9. Tension type headache was considered. Initial brain CT was reported as normal. With concern about giant cell arteritis steroids were trialled although ESR was 8 and CRP 25 with no other clinical features: pain reduction was short–lived and temporal artery biopsy negative. Symptoms worsened despite analgesi...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Defty, H., Cavazza, A., Warner, G. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Cranial nerves, Headache (including migraine), Neurooncology, Pain (neurology), Stroke, Hypertension, CNS cancer, Ophthalmology, Pain (palliative care), Anxiety disorders (including OCD and PTSD), Radiology, Disability, Dru Source Type: research

Addition of rituximab to chemotherapy overcomes the negative prognostic impact of cyclin E expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Conclusions Addition of R to CHOP overcomes the negative prognostic impact of CCNE in DLBCL. Thus, R not only prolongs survival in DLBCL but also serves a cautionary note that prognostic factors should not be transferred into the ‘R era’ without proper scientific studies.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - October 31, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Frei, E., Visco, C., Xu-Monette, Z. Y., Dirnhofer, S., Dybkaer, K., Orazi, A., Bhagat, G., Hsi, E. D., van Krieken, J. H., Ponzoni, M., Go, R. S., Piris, M. A., Moller, M. B., Young, K. H., Tzankov, A. Tags: Molecular genetics, Immunology (including allergy) Original article Source Type: research

Identification of MET genomic amplification, protein expression and alternative splice isoforms in neuroblastomas
Conclusions MET amplification and protein expression, although low in prevalence, are present in neuroblastomas. This has implications when crizotinib is employed as a therapeutic agent in neuroblastomas. Additionally, the existence of alternatively spliced MET isoforms may have clinical and biological implications in neuroblastomas.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - October 31, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Yan, B., Lim, M., Zhou, L., Kuick, C. H., Leong, M. Y., Yong, K. J., Aung, L., Salto-Tellez, M., Chang, K. T. E. Tags: Molecular genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Paediatric oncology Short report Source Type: research

Associations between allergies and risk of hematologic malignancies: Results from the VITamins and lifestyle cohort study
Immune dysregulations associated with allergies may affect cancer cell biology but studies on the relationship between allergies and risk of hematologic malignancies (HM) yielded inconsistent results. Herein, we used the vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort to examine this association. From 2000 to 2002, 66,212 participants, aged 50–76, completed a baseline questionnaire on cancer risk factors, medical conditions, allergies, and asthma. Through 2009, incident HMs (n = 681) were identified via linkage to the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results cancer registry. After adjustment for factors possibly associated ...
Source: American Journal of Hematology - November 22, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: Mazyar Shadman, Emily White, Anneclaire J. Roos, Roland B. Walter Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Lymphoma risk in systemic lupus: effects of disease activity versus treatment
Conclusions In this large SLE sample, there was a suggestion of higher lymphoma risk with exposure to cyclophosphamide and high cumulative steroids. Disease activity itself was not clearly associated with lymphoma risk. Further work will focus on genetic profiles that might interact with medication exposure to influence lymphoma risk in SLE.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - December 4, 2013 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Bernatsky, S., Ramsey-Goldman, R., Joseph, L., Boivin, J.-F., Costenbader, K. H., Urowitz, M. B., Gladman, D. D., Fortin, P. R., Nived, O., Petri, M. A., Jacobsen, S., Manzi, S., Ginzler, E. M., Isenberg, D., Rahman, A., Gordon, C., Ruiz-Irastorza, G., Ye Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Ophthalmology, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus Clinical and epidemiological r Source Type: research

Prognostic implications of anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene aberrations in rhabdomyosarcoma; an immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridisation study
Conclusions We demonstrated that ALK protein expression is statistically associated with ARMS histology, metastatic disease at diagnosis and primary trunk site. Additionally, ALK expression was an independent prognostic factor for worse survival. There was a strong correlation between IHC and FISH. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential diagnostic and therapeutic role of ALK expression in RMS.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - December 13, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Lee, J. S., Lim, S. M., Rha, S. Y., Roh, J. K., Cho, Y. J., Shin, K. H., Yang, W. I., Kim, S. H., Kim, H. S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Paediatric oncology Original article Source Type: research

5‐Lipoxygenase and CysLT1 regulate EGF‐induced cell migration through Tiam1 upregulation and Rac1 activation
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Cancer Science - December 18, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shigeyuki Magi, Yasushi Takemoto, Hiroki Kobayashi, Masato Kasamatsu, Takahiro Akita, Ayako Tanaka, Kei Takano, Etsu Tashiro, Yasuhiro Igarashi, Masaya Imoto Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

5‐Lipoxygenase and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 regulate epidermal growth factor‐induced cell migration through Tiam1 upregulation and Rac1 activation
In this study, we found that 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) is activated in the process of EGF‐induced cell migration, and that leukotriene C4 (LTC4) produced by 5‐LOX mediated the second wave of Rac1 activation, as well as cell migration. Furthermore, these effects caused by LTC4 were found to be blocked in the presence of the antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1). This blockage indicates that LTC4‐mediated CysLT1 signaling regulates the second EGF‐induced wave of Rac1 activation. We also found that 5‐LOX inhibitors, CysLT1 antagonists and the knockdown of CysLT1 inhibited EGF‐induced T cell lymp...
Source: Cancer Science - January 28, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shigeyuki Magi, Yasushi Takemoto, Hiroki Kobayashi, Masato Kasamatsu, Takahiro Akita, Ayako Tanaka, Kei Takano, Etsu Tashiro, Yasuhiro Igarashi, Masaya Imoto Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A sensory neuron–expressed IL-31 receptor mediates T helper cell–dependent itch: Involvement of TRPV1 and TRPA1
Conclusion: IL-31RA is a functional receptor expressed by a small subpopulation of IL-31RA+/TRPV1+/TRPA1+ neurons and is a critical neuroimmune link between TH2 cells and sensory nerves for the generation of T cell–mediated itch. Thus targeting neuronal IL-31RA might be effective in the management of TH2-mediated itch, including atopic dermatitis and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 27, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ferda Cevikbas, Xidao Wang, Tasuku Akiyama, Cordula Kempkes, Terhi Savinko, Attila Antal, Gabriela Kukova, Timo Buhl, Akihiko Ikoma, Joerg Buddenkotte, Vassili Soumelis, Micha Feld, Harri Alenius, Stacey R. Dillon, Earl Carstens, Bernhard Homey, Allan Bas Tags: Atopic dermatitis and skin disease Source Type: research