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The 30-year fight against HIV
Since its identification as the cause of Aids in 1984, scientists have made major advancements in tackling virus1984 Retrovirus is discovered as cause of Aids and later named human immunodeficiency virus or HIV.1986 Clinical trials show that HIV patients taking AZT (azidothymidine), an antiretroviral drug initially developed as a cancer therapy, were living longer than those who did not. AZT is shown to manage, but not cure, HIV and reduce the rates of mother-to-child infection in pregnancy.1987 The US FDA approves AZT as the first antiretroviral to be used as a treatment for Aids.1995 Jeff Getty, Aids activist, becomes th...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - March 3, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Caroline Davies Tags: The Guardian News Health Medical research Aids and HIV Society Source Type: news

A small but real risk of cancer in children from undergoing CT
Commentary on: Pearce MS, Salotti JA, Little MP, et al.. Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2012;380:499–505. Context Use of ionising radiation in medical imaging has grown in recent decades. In some populations, its cumulative radiation dose approaches that from all other sources combined. This radiation burden has led to concerns about cancers caused by medical imaging. However, imaging studies expose patients to considerably lower radiation doses, and different types of radiation, than those received by most individ...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - July 5, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mercuri, M., Einstein, A. J. Tags: EBM Aetiology, Smoking and tobacco, Clinical trials (epidemiology), Epidemiologic studies, Screening (oncology), Radiology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics), Health education, Smoking Source Type: research

Down's syndrome cells 'fixed' in first step towards chromosome therapy
Researchers shut down the extra chromosome responsible for Down's syndrome, paving the way for future treatmentsScientists have corrected the genetic fault that causes Down's syndrome – albeit in isolated cells – raising the prospect of a radical therapy for the disorder.In an elegant series of experiments, US researchers took cells from people with DS and silenced the extra chromosome that causes the condition. A treatment based on the work remains a distant hope, but scientists in the field said the feat was the first major step towards a "chromosome therapy" for Down's syndrome."This is a real technical breakthrough...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - July 17, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Ian Sample Tags: The Guardian Genetics Biology World news Health Medical research Human biology Society UK news Down's syndrome Science Source Type: news

Complementary and alternative medical interventions for the management of anxiety in parents of children who are hospitalized and suffer from a malignancy: A systematic review of RCTs
Conclusions: The methodological quality of reviewed RCT's studies was low and many failed to provide sufficient information in order to assess their quality on many of the methodological indicators. Although, the review did not provide strong evidence in favor of CAM interventions, the results were encouraging. The studies showed promising results and some positive trends such as the feasibility and acceptability of CAM interventions in pediatric oncology/hematology unit.
Source: European Journal of Integrative Medicine - November 4, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Theologia Tsitsi, Vasilios Raftopoulos, Evridiki Papastavrou, Andreas Charalambous Tags: Student Section Source Type: research

Prophylaxis of infectious complications with colony-stimulating factors in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy--evidence-based guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Working Party AGIHO of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)
Conclusion Comprehensive literature search and expert panel consensus confirmed many key recommendations given by international guidelines. Evidence for growth factors during acute myeloid leukaemia induction chemotherapy and pegfilgrastim use in haematological malignancies was rated lower compared with other guidelines.
Source: Annals of Oncology - August 25, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Vehreschild, J. J., Bohme, A., Cornely, O. A., Kahl, C., Karthaus, M., Kreuzer, K.- A., Maschmeyer, G., Mousset, S., Ossendorf, V., Penack, O., Vehreschild, M. J. G. T., Bohlius, J. Tags: reviews Source Type: research

Health-Related Predictors of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients in Saudi Arabia
AbstractResearch on Saudi Arabian cancer patients is a priority at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Because there is limited research on the quality of life (QoL) of Saudi Arabian cancer patients, the aim of this study was to identify the predictors of the QoL in a sample of Saudis with cancer. In August 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 438 patients with a variety of cancer types (145 breast, 109 colorectal, 38 leukemia, 45 lymphoma, and 99 other types) who attended the Oncology Outpatient Clinics at KAMC. Sociodemographics, clinical symptoms, and cancer treatments were collected for ...
Source: Journal of Cancer Education - March 6, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Ex vivo expansion of regulatory T cells for clinical applications against graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
CONCLUSION: Ex vivo expansion of Tregs is a reliable way to prepare sufficient number of Tregs for management of GVHD. PMID: 24286428 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - November 30, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zhang LF, Xia CQ Tags: Chin Med J (Engl) Source Type: research

Health Status Utilities in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Conclusions. Most studies in this review were methodologically suboptimal. Future developments should focus on including developmentally appropriate items for the whole pediatric age group. Adding disease-specific domains may enhance the sensitivity and responsiveness of instruments. Efforts should be undertaken to elicit valuation of health states from older children and teenagers as much as possible. For now, it remains difficult to make valid and informed decisions on the financing of interventions until health state valuation in children has become more methodologically robust.
Source: Medical Decision Making - December 13, 2013 Category: Health Management Authors: van Litsenburg, R. R. L., Kunst, A., Huisman, J., Ket, J. C. F., Kaspers, G. J. L., Gemke, R. J. B. J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Do Cancer Patients Tweet? Examining the Twitter Use of Cancer Patients in Japan
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that cancer patients share information about their underlying disease, including diagnosis, symptoms, and treatments, via Twitter. This information could prove useful to health care providers.
Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research - May 27, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Atsushi TsuyaYuya SugawaraAtsushi TanakaHiroto Narimatsu Source Type: research

Quantitative analysis of human herpesvirus‐6 and human cytomegalovirus in blood and saliva from patients with acute leukemia
Human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNAs were quantified by real‐time PCR assays in blood and saliva obtained from 50 patients with acute leukemia at the time of diagnosis (50 of each matrix), aplasia (65 of each matrix), remission (55 of each matrix), and relapse (20 of each matrix) to evaluate which biological matrix was more suitable to identify a viral reactivation, search for a possible link between HHV‐6 and HCMV reactivations, and evaluate the relations between viral loads and count of different leukocyte types in blood. The median HHV‐6 loads were 136; 219; 226, and 75 copies/mill...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - August 28, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Faten Nefzi, Nabil Abid Ben Salem, Abderrahim Khelif, Salma Feki, Mahjoub Aouni, Agnès Gautheret‐Dejean Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Current strategies in the diagnosis and management of chronic neutrophilic leukemia.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients for whom the cause of neutrophilia is not easily discerned, the incorporation of CSF3R mutation testing can be a useful point-of-care diagnostic to evaluate the presence of a clonal myeloid disorder, as well as providing the potential for genetically informed therapy. The oncogenic CSF3R mutations are molecular markers of sensitivity to inhibitors of the SRC family-TNK2 and JAK kinases and may provide a new avenue for therapy. PMID: 25533830 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - December 1, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Otgonbat A, Zhao M Tags: Chin Med J (Engl) Source Type: research

Five hematologic tests and treatments to question.
Authors: Hicks LK, Bering H, Carson KR, Haynes AE, Kleinerman J, Kukreti V, Ma A, Mueller BU, O'Brien SH, Panepinto JA, Pasquini MC, Rajasekhar A, Sarode R, Wood WA Abstract Choosing Wisely® is a medical stewardship initiative led by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation in collaboration with professional medical societies in the United States. The American Society of Hematology (ASH) released its first Choosing Wisely® list in 2013. Using the same evidence-based methodology as in 2013, ASH has identified 5 additional tests and treatments that should be questioned by clinicians and patients under spe...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - February 20, 2015 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

The search for cis-regulatory driver mutations in cancer genomes.
Authors: Poulos RC, Sloane MA, Hesson LB, Wong JW Abstract With the advent of high-throughput and relatively inexpensive whole-genome sequencing technology, the focus of cancer research has begun to shift toward analyses of somatic mutations in non-coding cis-regulatory elements of the cancer genome. Cis-regulatory elements play an important role in gene regulation, with mutations in these elements potentially resulting in changes to the expression of linked genes. The recent discoveries of recurrent TERT promoter mutations in melanoma, and recurrent mutations that create a super-enhancer regulating TAL1 expression...
Source: Oncotarget - September 13, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Impact of Tailored Education on Awareness of Personal Risk for Therapy-Related Complications Among Childhood Cancer Survivors Pediatric Oncology
Conclusion Risk-based education in a survivorship clinic significantly increases awareness of personal health risk through three sessions, with saturation thereafter. Vulnerable populations with minimal gain in awareness identified in this study could inform targeted interventions.
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 18, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Landier, Chen, Namdar, Francisco, Wilson, Herrera, Armenian, Wolfson, Sun, Wong, Bhatia Tags: Long Term Survival & Late Effects Pediatric Oncology Source Type: research

In vitro application of RNA interference to silence livin gene expression to induce apoptosis in leukemia cells.
CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-3 activity in cells transfected with siRNA was significantly elevated compared to the cells in the non-transfected groups (p < 0.05). PMID: 26636528 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - December 6, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research